BIOL 2710 - Human Physiological Anatomy

Credit Hours: 6.00

Objectives: In a laboratory setting, using bones, models, charts and dissected specimens, students will identify human anatomical structures for the following systems:

1. Integument.
2. Skeletal system.
3. Skeletal muscular system.
4. Nervous system.
5. Endocrine system.
6. Cardiovascular system.
7. Lymphatic system.
8. Respiratory system.
9. Urinary system.
10. Digestive system.
11. Reproductive system.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to demonstrate a working knowledge of the organization of the human body, chemical principles, and the cell.

Objectives: The student will describe:

1. Structural organization of the human body
2. Cell chemistry.
3. Metabolism and how it relates to homeostasis.
4. Cell structure and function.
5. Cellular transport.
6. The stages of mitosis.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe the tissues, membranes, and glands in the human body.

Objectives: The student will describe the:

1. Structure and function of the four primary tissue types.
2. Structure and function of four different types of membranes.
3. Different types of glands and give an example of each.

Outcome 4: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to explain the physiology of each system of the human body and how their interaction helps to maintain homeostasis.

Objectives: The student will demonstrate a working knowledge of the:

1. Skeleton system and articulations.
2. Skeletal muscular system.
3. Nervous system and sense organs.
4. Endocrine system.
5. Cardiovascular system.
6. Lymphatic system.
7. Respiratory system.
8. Digestive system.
9. Urinary system.
10. Reproductive system.

1. Organization of the Body, Chemical Principles and Cell
   1. Levels of Organization
   2. Homeostasis and its control mechanisms
   3. Elements and Compounds
   4. Chemical Bonds and Reactions
   5. Inorganic and Organic Molecules
   6. Metabolism
   7. Cell Membranes, Organelles, and Nucleus
   8. Movement of Substances Through Cell Membranes
   9. Mitosis - Growth and Stages
2. Tissues, Membranes, and Glands
   1. Epithelial Tissues
   2. Connective Tissues
   3. Muscle Tissues
   4. Nervous Tissues
   5. Membranes
   6. Skin and its Appendages/Integumentary System
3. Skeletal System and Articulations
   1. Skeletal System functions
   2. Skeletal tissue
      1. Microscopic structure of bone
      2. Long bone structure
      3. Development and growth of bone
      4. Cartilage
   3. Division of skeletal system
   4. Articulations
4. Skeletal Muscles
   1. Functions of Muscular System
   2. Structure and function of skeletal muscle tissue
   3. Structure and function of skeletal muscle organ(s)
   4. Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
   5. Types of muscle organ contractions
5. Nervous System and Sense Organs
   1. Nervous system cells
   2. Physiology of neurons
   3. Divisions of nervous system
   4. Spinal cord structure and functions
   5. Brain structures and functions
   6. Cerebrospinal fluid formation, circulation & composition
   7. Autonomic nervous system
   8. Sense organs - eye and ear
6. The Endocrine Systems
   1. Mechanisms of Hormone action
   2. Hypothalamus and the pituitary gland
   3. Pituitary gland location and hormones
   4. Thyroid gland location and hormones
   5. Parathyroid gland location and hormones
   6. Adrenal gland location and hormones
   7. Pancreas - Islets of Langerhans and hormones
   8. Ovaries and testes location and hormones
7. Blood, Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
   1. Blood cells - formation, types and functions
   2. Blood groups
   3. Blood coagulation
   4. Heart - structure, location and physiology
   5. Portal and fetal circulation
   6. Structures and functions of lymphatic system
   7. Lymph circulation routes
   8. Thymus and spleen functions
8. Respiratory System
   1. Anatomy of the respiratory system
   2. Functional components of the respiratory system
   3. Mechanism of pulmonary ventilation
   4. Volumes of air exchanged in pulmonary ventilation
   5. Types of breathing
   6. External respiration and gas transport
   7. Internal respiration and regulations of respiration
9. Digestive System and Metabolism
   1. Anatomy of the digestive system
   2. Physiology of the digestive system
      1. Mechanical digestion
      2. Chemical digestion and enzymes
      3. Control of digestive gland secretion
      4. Absorption
   3. Metabolism
      1. Carbohydrates
      2. Lipids
      3. Proteins
10. The Urinary System
    1. Kidneys: Location
       1. Internal structure
       2. Microscopic structure and function
       3. Blood vessels
       4. Regulation of urine volume
    2. Ureters - structure and function
    3. Urinary bladder - structure and function
    4. Urethra - structure and function
    5. Urine - physical and chemical features
11. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance/Acid-Base Balance
    1. Total body water
    2. Body fluid compartments
    3. Avenues of water entry and exit
    4. Mechanisms that maintain homeostasis of fluid volume
    5. Chemical content and distribution of electrolytes
    6. Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
       1. Buffer mechanism
       2. Respiratory mechanism
       3. Urinary mechanism
    7. Acid-base imbalances
12. Reproduction and Development
    1. Meiosis, oogenesis and spermatogenesis
    2. Male reproductive structures and functions
    3. Female reproductive structures and functions
    4. Breasts - structure, function and lactation
    5. Menstrual cycle
    6. Menarche and menopause