Course Descriptions/Official Course Syllabi

OTAS 1450 - Level 1 Fieldwork-First Placement

Credit Hours: 1.00

Objectives:

1. Demonstrate ability to gather an occupational profile through a client‐centered approach including medical chart review, interviews, and clinical observation of performance.
2. Demonstrate beginning ability to interpret information gathered via observation of the client’s occupational performance to formulate appropriate occupational therapy treatment interventions.
3. Implement intervention methods utilizing occupation‐based activities learned in class or those used at the fieldwork site, under the supervision of the fieldwork educator.
4. Document the observation of the client’s performance utilizing the occupational therapy practice framework through application of the occupational therapist, body of knowledge and process.
5. Demonstrate awareness of safety issues throughout the client’s occupational performance and intervene as needed.
6. Identify roles and functions of other interprofessional team members working with clients.
7. Demonstrate an understanding of health literacy to include education and training of the client, caregiver, family and others for health and wellness.

1. Didactic Portion
   1. Introduction
      1. Course sequence, requirements, student performance expectations & competencies
   2. Universal precautions
      1. Follow universal precautions while engaged in client care
         1. Handwashing techniques
         2. Air‐borne and blood‐borne pathogens
      2. Air‐borne and blood‐borne pathogens
      3. Hepatitis B vaccinations
   3. Observation techniques
      1. Behavioral vs. interpretive
      2. Documentation techniques
      3. Communication skills
         1. Utilize observation and communication skills while engaged in client intervention
   4. Professionalism
      1. Dress code
      2. Responding to constructive criticism
      3. Michigan Mental Health Code
      4. AOTA Code of Ethics
2. Fieldwork Portion
   1. Observation: Refers to the act of seeing, but more importantly, seeing with attention to specific elements and details so that it becomes possible to make tentative statements about what has been seen. Students will receive some guidance as to what is to be observed.
   2. Participation: Implies a shared involvement in an activity. The student must take responsibility for their learning including communication and professional accountability.
   3. Affective Domain: Evaluation of the student in the affective domain is aimed at objectively assessing those personal traits and attitudes which are viewed as essential to the growth and development of the student, not only as a practitioner but as a well‐integrated person. Traits, habits and attitudes to be considered will include:
      1. General Appearance: appropriate attire each day, appropriate footwear, present self appropriately.
      2. Dependability: attends clinicals, arrives on time, carries out assignment, follows direction accurately, accepts responsibility within capabilities.
      3. Ability to accept supervision: accepts feedback objectively, profits from suggestions, can engage on collaborative relationships, not passive-dependent, accepts guidance and feedback.
      4. Attitude: positive, realistic, willingness to accept new and different ideas.
      5. Initiative: seeks out information, assumes responsibility for learning, does not need prodding, can assume responsibility for tasks within capacity, follows through on own where appropriate.
      6. Interpersonal relationship: comfortable with clients and staff, able to initiate conversation with clients, viewed positively by others, adjusts to situations.
      7. Ability to communicate: expresses self clearly both orally and in writing, spells correctly, uses terminology appropriately, speaks with assurance.

OTAS 2095 - Technology & Environmental Intervention-Lecture

1. The use of technology and environmental intervention to enhance occupational performance and foster participation and well‐being of clients.
   1. Define methods of technology and environment intervention.
      1. Articulate the difference between basic and complex technology.
      2. Articulate interprofessional members and roles.
   2. Articulate the historical perspective and the impact of major legislation, including the Americans with Disabilities Act.
   3. Articulate the clients in need of intervention.
   4. Articulate client contexts and environments that impact intervention.
   5. Articulate the occupational performance areas associated with technology and environmental intervention.
   6. Articulate the need for, and use of, compensatory strategies when desired life tasks cannot be performed.
   7. Articulate knowledge for the funding of technology and environmental devices, systems and services.
2. Application of the occupational therapy process to technology and environmental intervention.
   1. Articulate the role of the OTA in the use of intervention.
   2. Analyze the need for occupational therapy intervention utilizing technology and environment methods/strategies when desired life tasks cannot be performed.
   3. Articulate the principles of assessment and intervention.
   4. Analyze the use of the occupational profile and occupational assessment in determining the selection of intervention.
   5. Explain recommendations to the OT for need of referrals for additional evaluation and other disciplines.
3. Application of the principles and strategies of intervention for technology and environment intervention, including electronic aids to daily living and seating and positioning systems, used to enhance occupational performance and foster participation and well‐being.
   1. Analyze and apply environmental adaptations and processes including barrier free design with areas of occupation.
   2. Analyze and apply ergonomic principles for enhancement of occupational performance.
   3. Apply training techniques and articulate issues with enhancement of community mobility.
   4. Apply teaching techniques with compensatory strategies.
4. Application of basic skills and analysis in the assessment, fabrication, and application, fitting and training in orthotic devices used to enhance occupational performance and participation.
   1. Articulate the difference between static, dynamic and prefabricated/ constructed splints.
   2. Analyze and articulate the conditions that warrant orthotic intervention.
   3. Articulate the assessment and planning for the application of orthotic intervention.
   4. Demonstrate construction of an upper extremity static splint.
   5. Demonstrate the application of an upper extremity static splint.
   6. Demonstrate teaching, care and scheduling of an orthotic device.
   7. Articulate the principles of prosthetic devices, both upper and lower extremity.
   8. Articulate the interprofessional team and the role delineation involved with the intervention of a prosthetic device.
   9. Articulate the assessment and planning required of prosthetic intervention.
   10. J. Articulate the application, fitting, and role of OT in the use and care of prosthetic devices.
   11. K. Demonstrate teaching methods required in prosthetic device intervention for client and caregiver.

1. Course Introduction
   1. Defining technology and environmental intervention
      1. Basic technology
      2. Complex technology
   2. Interprofessional members and their roles
   3. Historical perspective with the use of technology and environmental Intervention
      1. Legislative impact
      2. Americans with Disability Act
   4. Funding sources for devices, systems and services
2. Intervention Populations
   1. Types of clients
   2. Conditions and dysfunction
   3. Client factors
   4. Client contexts and environment
   5. Performance areas
   6. Need and use of compensatory strategies for desired life tasks
3. Clinical Reasoning Application with Assistive Technology Application
   1. Role of the OT and OTA
   2. Principles of assistive technology assessment and intervention
   3. Identifying client needs for assistive technology intervention
      1. Occupation profile and context
      2. Occupational assessment
         1. Occupational performance areas
         2. Performance skills
         3. Client factors
         4. Performance patterns
         5. Activity demands
         6. Context and environment
   4. Recommending to the OT additional referrals for evaluation
   5. Referrals to other disciplines and team members
4. Categories of Technology and Environmental Interventions and Compensatory Strategies
   1. Splints and orthotics
      1. Conditions that warrant orthotic intervention
      2. Purpose and principles
      3. Types
         1. Static
         2. Dynamic
         3. Prefabrication and constructed
      4. Assessment and planning
      5. Construction of upper extremity splint
      6. Demonstration of splint application
      7. Strategies to teach application, care and scheduling
      8. Examples and use of lower extremity orthotics
      9. Interprofessional members and roles
   2. Functional electronic equipment
      1. Bioness - upper and lower extremity
      2. Saebo device - upper extremity
      3. Other functional electronic equipment
   3. Prosthetics - Upper and Lower Extremity
      1. Upper extremity
         1. Terminal devices
         2. Myoelectric prosthesis
         3. Intervention applications
      2. Lower extremity
         1. Pylon
         2. Computerized systems
         3. Disarticulation prosthesis
         4. Transmetatarsal prosthesis
         5. Intervention applications
   4. Personal Computer and Modifications
      1. Basic components
      2. Basic principles of adaptation
      3. Internet access
      4. Intervention applications
   5. Seating and Positioning
      1. Wheelchair measurement
      2. Guidelines for postural control and pressure management
      3. Benefits of postural control and pressure management
      4. Types of seating and position equipment
         1. Features and benefits
         2. Principles of application
         3. Interprofessional team members and referrals
      5. Intervention applications
   6. Technology through Computers and Modifications
      1. Education
      2. Work
      3. Applications
      4. Personal computers and modifications
      5. Basic components
      6. Basic principles of adaptation
      7. Internet access
      8. Intervention applications
   7. Technologies to Enable Mobility
      1. Types of wheeled mobility systems
         1. Features and controls
         2. Evaluation
         3. Principles of applications and training
      2. Issues to enhance community mobility
         1. Public transportation
         2. Community access
         3. Driver rehabilitation
   8. Driver Aids, Technology and Training
      1. Evaluation for transportation and driving
         1. Driving simulators
      2. Modification for driving
      3. Vehicle access and selection
      4. Transportation of wheelchair riders
      5. Intervention applications
      6. Driving rehabilitation resources
         1. Carlift
         2. OT‐driver off road assessment
         3. Older driver safety awareness
   9. Barrier‐free and Universal Design
      1. Assessment
      2. Intervention applications
         1. Daily life skills
         2. Leisure and social participation
         3. Classroom
         4. Work
         5. Community
   10. Ergonomics Principles
       1. Settings
          1. Home
          2. Work
          3. School
       2. Assessment
       3. Intervention applications
   11. Environmental Controls
       1. Basic and complex technology devices
          1. General purpose devices
          2. Special purpose devices
       2. Special purpose aids and devices
          1. Feeders
          2. Page turners
       3. Aids to daily living
          1. Selection and control
          2. Training
       4. Robotic aids
       5. Application interventions
   12. Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems
       1. Disabilities affecting speech and language
       2. Types of communication
       3. Conversational needs
       4. Graphic needs
       5. Characteristics of systems
       6. Intervention applications
   13. Sensory Aids for Visual and Auditory Impairment
       1. Approaches to intervention
       2. Visual aids
          1. Magnification aids
          2. Automatic reading devices
          3. Mobility and orientation aids
          4. Auditory sensors
          5. Special purpose aids
          6. Intervention applications
       3. Auditory aids
          1. Hearing aids
          2. Phone access
          3. Alternating devices
          4. Assistive listening devices
          5. Intervention applications
   14. Telehealth
       1. Digital technologies for delivery of medical services, education and public health services
5. Application of Principles and Strategies to Daily Living and Life Skills
   1. Promoting motivation and engagement for well‐being
   2. Applying environmental adaptations supporting performance, participation and well‐being
      1. Daily life skills
         1. Feeding
         2. Bathing
         3. Dressing
         4. Home management
         5. Electric aids
         6. Context considerations
      2. Leisure, play and social skills
         1. Adapted games and sports equipment
         2. Manipulation, grip and reaching adaptations of leisure equipment
         3. Page turners
      3. Classroom/education
         1. Educational activities
            1. Reading
            2. Writing
            3. Music
         2. Workstation adaptations
         3. Use of robotics
         4. Adhering to educational regulations and considerations
         5. Context implications
      4. Work
         1. Ergonomic applications
         2. Robotic aids of manipulation
         3. Workstation adaptations
         4. Working with employers
   3. Teaching demonstration of compensatory strategies
      1. Approaches and methods
      2. Demonstration of skill

OTAS 2350 - Productive Aging-Lab Lecture

Credit Hours: 2.00

Outcomes and Objectives: Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to demonstrate acquired competency through:

1. Describe and analyze the physical, emotional, and social problems related to the aging process and the impact to occupational performance in the elderly.
   1. Relate the factors of environment, social and financial that influence performance and occupational roles of the aging population.
   2. Relate the challenges of the aging process and the impact to function.
   3. Relate and compare the considerations of aging in place and chronic conditions, including physical, psychosocial and cognitive function.
   4. Relate the relationship of ethnicity/culture, context and purposeful activity for geriatric intervention.
   5. Relate the impact of sensory changes and impairment to function with the elderly.
   6. Relate and describe signs and symptoms of elder abuse and neglect and the role of the OT practitioner.
   7. Compare and contrast the settings of OT intervention with aging populations.
2. Analyze and apply occupational therapy intervention techniques and strategies for aging clients and their relationship to occupational performance and wellness/health promotion.
   1. Analyze data gathering and clinical reasoning with planning intervention for occupational performance areas.
   2. Formulate occupational goals and objectives appropriate for aging clients.
   3. Apply clinical reasoning to the intervention planning process and the relationship to functional tasks as it relates to aging clients.
   4. Distinguish and demonstrate instruction methods for aging clients, including those individuals with sensory and cognitive impairments.
   5. Analyze and demonstrate task breakdown for caregiver instruction and follow through for aging clients with cognitive dysfunction.
   6. Analyze and plan environmental modifications to address productive aging, sensory dysfunction and chronic conditions.
   7. Select, analyze and demonstrate appropriate activities to be used for the aging client that addresses context and areas of occupational performance.
   8. Organize and present community education outreach for aging populations.
   9. Discharge planning
3. Apply basic skill competency with commonly used OT interventions that require consideration with aging clients.
   1. Apply planning and organizing skills to group activities to maximize health promotion and productive aging, engagement and participation with aged populations.
   2. Articulate and apply techniques to enhance community mobility.
      - Public transportation
      - Public access
      - Driver safety and rehabilitation
   3. Apply previous knowledge in the use of feeding techniques, swallowing difficulties, positioning, and the need for referral to other disciplines and the interprofessional team with aging clients.
   4. Apply learned principles and skill in organizing and documenting an interprofessional dining program to enable feeding/eating and training of caregivers in precautions and techniques.
   5. Develop and analyze methods for restraint reduction interventions, restraint free, or restraint reduced environments, and fall prevention.
   6. Relate clinical reasoning in application and integration of preparatory exercise and the relationship to function and wellness with aging clients.
   7. Describe, explain and apply where applicable specialized equipment and supportive medical devices that are utilized in a variety of treatment settings and with the aging population.

1. Factors that influence occupational performance, wellness and participation in occupational roles with the aging population
   1. Theories of aging
      1. Biological
      2. Social
   2. Aging process
      1. Changes
         1. Integumentary
         2. Neuromusculoskeletal
         3. Cardiopulmonary
         4. Immune
         5. Cognition
         6. Sensory
   3. Trends influencing aging
      1. Demographics
   4. Living arrangements and levels of care
      1. Intergenerational and generational cohorts
      2. Independent
      3. Levels of care
         1. Geropsychiatric unit
         2. Inpatient rehabilitation
         3. Adult foster home
         4. Skilled nursing facility
         5. Assisted living
         6. Home health care
         7. Hospice
         8. Adult day care
   5. Environment
      1. Assessment and interventions for environmental barriers
         1. Variety of living settings
   6. Context and culture
      1. Importance of context, family and social connections
      2. Application to intervention, instruction and therapeutic use of self
   7. Financial
      1. Impact to intervention and aging in place
      2. Limited access to healthcare, wants, needs and assistive devices
   8. Definitions and considerations with elder abuse and neglect
   9. Federal regulations and public policy affecting the aged population
      1. Payment and intervention
      2. Skilled and unskilled therapy
      3. Medicare and related regulations
      4. Minimum data set
      5. Prospective payment system
      6. Advocacy
      7. Keeping up with changes
2. Aging and chronic conditions
   1. Stages of aging
   2. Developmental tasks
      1. Aging in place versus disengagement
   3. Aging process and sensory changes
      1. Impact to function and independence
      2. Environmental barriers
   4. Physical
      1. Chronic conditions
      2. Incontinence
         1. Assessment
         2. Intervention s and strategies
   5. Psychosocial and psychiatric conditions
      1. Assessment and intervention considerations
      2. Aspects of aging and myths
         1. Disengagement
         2. Isolation
         3. Grieving
         4. Social engagement
      3. Stressors, losses and emotions
      4. Social support
      5. Physical illness
      6. Learned helplessness
      7. Common mental health disorders in the aged population
         1. Depression
         2. Anxiety
         3. Suicide
         4. Dementia
         5. Substance abuse
            1. Alcohol
            2. Self-medication
         6. Aging with psychosis
         7. Mood disorders
   6. Cognitive
      1. Evaluation and assessment
         1. Normal aging process
         2. Dementia/Alzheimer’s
         3. Client context
      2. Interventions and strategies
         1. Environmental
         2. Client context
         3. Cuing
         4. Task breakdown
      3. Caregiver instruction and training
         1. Support
         2. Respite
         3. Resources
   7. Community mobility
      1. Pedestrian safety
      2. Alternative transportation
      3. Safe driving
         1. Evaluation
         2. Intervention
         3. Outcomes
         4. Resources and programs
   8. Sexuality
      1. Values
      2. Myths
      3. Homosexuality
      4. Age related changes
      5. Sexually transmitted diseases
      6. Health condition effects
         1. Cardiopulmonary
         2. Joint replacements
         3. Arthritis
      7. Role of the OTA
         1. Nursing facilities
         2. Education and counseling
3. Intervention settings
   1. Level of Care
   2. In home
   3. Community care and organizations
   4. Wellness settings
   5. Comparisons
      1. Eden alternative
   6. Interprofessional and team collaboration
   7. Discharge planning
4. Clinical reasoning and intervention planning
   1. Clinical reasoning application
      1. Models of practice
         1. OT practice frame work
         2. Characteristics of maturity
         3. Cognitive disabilities
         4. Model of human occupation
   2. Role of the OT and OTA
   3. Data gathering methods
      1. Screenings
      2. Assessments
         1. Vitals collect ion and application
         2. Case study application and competency skill
      3. Peer and interprofessional collaboration
   4. Formulating goals
   5. Selection of intervention methods and considerations
      1. Premorbid conditions
      2. Chronicity of conditions
      3. Wellness promotion
      4. Aging in place.
      5. Relationship to functional tasks
   6. Instruction methods for the aged, their families and caregivers
      1. Role of the OTA
      2. Considerations of instruction
         1. Changes in family roles
         2. Family resources
         3. Able and willing caregivers
            1. Caregiver stressors
      3. Effective communications
      4. Task breakdown techniques
      5. Instruction techniques for clients
      6. Instruction techniques for caregivers
5. Intervention methods and strategies
   1. Concepts of health and wellness in OT practice with aging populations
      1. Prevention and health promotion
      2. Role of the OTA
   2. Selection of activities based on context and functional needs
   3. Environmental modifications
   4. Group application and organization
   5. Abuse and neglect of the aged client
      1. Types
      2. Signs and symptoms
      3. Able and willing caregivers
   6. Wellness promotion
      1. Eden alternative
         1. Principles
         2. Empowering clients and staff
      2. Feeding and eating needs
         1. Swallowing issues
         2. Assistive devices
         3. Interprofessional team and training others
         4. Precautions and contraindications
         5. Role of the OT and OTA
         6. Consult with other disciplines ie, speech, nursing, physicians, radiology
         7. Dining program
            1. Purpose and needs assessments
            2. Elements of programs
            3. Interprofessional team approach
   7. Restraint reduction methods and interventions for restraint free or reduced environments
      1. Omnibus Reconciliation Act
      2. Establishing a restrain reduction program
      3. Role of OT/OTA
      4. Interventions
         1. Environmental adaptations
         2. Psychosocial approaches
         3. Activity alternatives
      5. Communications and interprofessional approaches
   8. Fall prevention
      1. Risk factors
         1. Environmental
         2. Biological
         3. Cognitive and psychosocial
         4. Functional
      2. Evaluation and assessment
      3. Interventions
      4. Outcomes
   9. Exercise and the aged population
      1. Types
         1. Prescribed
         2. Tai chi
         3. Yoga
         4. Pilates
      2. Purpose
      3. Relationship to function
      4. Application to case study and competency skill
6. The medical intervention environment
   1. Medications and function
      1. Polypharmacy
      2. Aging process
      3. Assessing self-medication
         1. Client factors
         2. Activity demands
      4. Strategies and assistive aids
   2. Specialized medical and supportive equipment
   3. Human patient simulator learning activity
   4. Role of the OT clinician

OTAS 2370 - Clinical Transition & Service Management

Credit Hours: 2.00

Outcomes and Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student will be able to demonstrate acquired competency through:

Outcome 1: Articulate knowledge of various contexts, including professional, social, cultural, political, economic, and ecological in which occupational therapy services are provided.

Objectives:

1. Articulate the contexts of health care, education, community, and social systems as they relate to the practice, management and delivery of occupational therapy services.
2. Articulate the potential impact of current policy issues and the social, economic, political, geographic, or demographic factors on the practice of occupational therapy.
3. Articulate the role and responsibility of the practitioner to advocate for changes in service delivery policies, to effect changes in the system, and to recognize opportunities in emerging practice areas.
4. Articulate the importance of using statistics, tests and measurements for the purpose of delivering evidence based practice.

Outcome 2: Articulate knowledge of assistance of management responsibilities, and national and state credentialing requirements for delivery of occupational therapy services.

Objectives:

1. Identify and articulate the impact of contextual factors on the management and delivery of occupational therapy services.
2. Identify and articulate the systems and structures that create federal and state legislation and regulations and their implications and effects on occupational therapy practice.
3. Articulate knowledge of applicable national requirements for credentialing and requirements for licensure, certification, or registration under state laws.
4. Articulate knowledge regarding the various reimbursement systems and documentation requirements that affect the practice of occupational therapy.
5. Demonstrate application in documentation of ongoing processes for quality improvement and implementing program changes as needed to ensure quality of services.
6. Articulate the rationale for continuous quality improvement and its importance to occupational therapy services.
7. Articulate strategies for effective, competency-based legal and ethical supervision of nonprofessional personnel.
8. Articulate the ongoing professional responsibility/accountability for providing fieldwork education and the criteria for becoming a fieldwork educator.

Outcome 3: Articulate knowledge of professional ethics, values, and scholarship in the delivery of occupational therapy services and professional accountability.

Objectives:

1. Demonstrate knowledge regarding the application of the profession’s Code of Ethics.
2. Demonstrate and promote the role of the professional through knowledge of and involvement in international, national, state, and local occupational therapy associations and related professional associations.
3. Demonstrate the promotion of occupational therapy through education of other professionals, service providers, consumers, third-party payers, regulatory bodies, and the public.
4. Formulate strategies for ongoing professional development to ensure practice is consistent with current and accepted standards and the AOTA Standards of Continuing Competency.
5. Recognize how to develop management competencies that are consistent with current and acceptable standards.
6. Articulate core principles of conflict resolution and the application to the occupational therapy workplace.
7. Articulate strategies for analyzing issues and making decisions to resolve personal and organizational ethical conflicts.
8. Identify informal and formal systems for resolving ethical disputes that have jurisdiction over occupational therapy services.
9. Articulate the importance of how scholarly activities and literature contribute to the development of the profession.
10. Apply skill in effectively locating and understanding information, including the quality of the source of information.
11. Articulate how scholarly activities can be used to evaluate professional practice, service delivery, and professional issues.
12. Demonstrate the skills to read and understand a scholarly report and apply to evidence-based practice.
13. Articulate the role of the OTA in evidence-based research.

Outcome 4: Articulate knowledge and application of professional responsibilities of clinical management in the delivery of occupational therapy services.

Objectives:

1. Articulate professional responsibilities related to liability issues under current models of service provision/strategies.
2. Articulate personal and professional abilities and competencies as relate to job responsibilities and the AOTA Standards of Continuing Competency.
3. Articulate the variety of roles of the occupational therapy assistant practitioner, educator, and research assistant.
4. Articulate and describe the need for supervisory roles, responsibilities, and collaborative professional relationships between the OT and the OTA.
5. Articulate the professional responsibilities and issues when providing service on a contractual basis.
6. Articulate strategies to assist consumers in gaining access to occupation therapy services.
7. Articulate the role of the OTA in care coordination, case management with transition services in both traditional and emerging practice.

Outcome 5: Determine skills and materials required for transition from graduate to entry-level practitioner.

Objectives:

1. Demonstrate skill with career interview skills.
2. Demonstrate skill with a professional portfolio.
3. Demonstrate skill with a written resume.
4. Demonstrate knowledge of NBCOT exam application and process

1. Introduction
   1. Healthcare trends and contexts
      1. Understanding the impact of the prevailing healthcare environment and current legislation
         1. Contexts of service delivery
            1. Professional
            2. Social systems
            3. Political
            4. Economic environment
            5. Ecological considerations
         2. Implications for healthcare professions
   2. The context and the impact of delivery of occupation therapy services
      1. Health care
      2. Education
      3. Community
      4. Social systems
      5. Impact of current legislation and reimbursement
2. Potential impact of the current political climate to the practice and service delivery of occupational therapy
   1. Current policy issues
      1. Systems and structures that create federal and state legislation and regulations
      2. Impact to OT service delivery
   2. Social implications
   3. Economic implications
   4. Geographic considerations
   5. Demographic considerations
   6. Advocating change for changes in service delivery
      1. OT clinician’s role and responsibilities
      2. Effecting change in the system
      3. Recognizing opportunities in emerging areas of practice
3. Impact of contextual factors on the management and delivery of occupational therapy services
   1. Reimbursement systems
   2. Documentation requirements
      1. Identifying providers and guidelines
   3. The ongoing process of quality improvement
      1. Providing evidence
      2. Scholarly activities and literature contributions
      3. Effectively locating and understanding the information
         1. Quality of the source
      4. Use of scholarly activities to evaluate professional practice, service delivery, and professional issues
      5. Applying the evidence to practice
   4. Implementing changes for quality improvement
      1. Meeting facility and accreditation standards
      2. Roles of the OTA
   5. Legal and ethical supervision
      1. Guidelines for supervision
         1. Competencies
         2. AOTA Standards of Continuing Competency
         3. Nonprofessional personnel and supervision
   6. Providing fieldwork education
      1. Responsibilities
      2. Criteria required of fieldwork educators
      3. Transitioning students from academics to clinical practice
   7. Management responsibilities
      1. Defining management responsibilities
      2. Role delineation with OTR/OTA
         1. Articulate the need for supervisory roles
         2. Responsibilities
         3. Collaborative relationships
   8. Liability issues in current and changing models of providing service
   9. Providing services on a contractual basis
   10. Prompting and providing evidence-based practice
       1. Research resources
       2. Creating research
       3. Role of the OTA
4. National and state credentialing requirements
   1. National requirements for credentialing
      1. NBCOT certification exam
      2. Obtaining certification
      3. Maintaining certification
         1. Ongoing professional development
         2. AOTA Standards of Continuing Competency
   2. State requirements for licensure, certification or registration
      1. State laws
      2. Obtaining licensure in the State of Michigan
      3. Maintaining licensure in the State of Michigan
   3. Ongoing professional development
      1. Staying current and consistent
         1. Relationship of personal and professional abilities/competencies with job responsibilities
         2. AOTA Standards of Continuing Competency
      2. Accepted standards of practice
5. The application of professional practice elements
   1. Ethics of practice and application to management
      1. The OT Code of Ethics - review
      2. Systems for making decisions regarding personal and organizational ethical conflicts
      3. Jurisdiction over occupational therapy services
         1. Strategies for resolution in the workplace
   2. Involvement in professional organizations
      1. International
      2. National
      3. State
      4. Local
   3. Promoting the profession
      1. Education of:
         1. Other disciplines and interprofessional team members
         2. Service providers
         3. Consumers
         4. Third-party payers
         5. Regulatory bodies
         6. The public
      2. Assisting consumers in gaining access to OT services
6. Roles of the OTA
   1. Practitioner
   2. Educator
   3. Research assistant
   4. Entrepreneur
   5. Emerging areas of practice
7. Preparing for seeking positions
   1. Finding the right fit
   2. Interview skills and presenting yourself
   3. Professional portfolios
   4. Resumes
   5. Seeking a position
      1. Technology resource

OTAS 2402 - Skills for Occupational Therapy Documentation II

1. Competent analysis and application of documentation guidelines and formats.
   1. Analyze and demonstrate competency in documentation content.
   2. Apply knowledge of the legal implications of documentation.
   3. Apply knowledge of third-party payer guidelines and state regulations.
   4. Apply knowledge of medical record formats.
   5. Apply knowledge of approved abbreviations and professional terminology.
   6. Apply confidentiality/HIPAA regulations and demonstrate the consequences of breaching the guidelines and principles.
   7. Identify and demonstrate documentation formats into electronic medical records.
   8. Apply knowledge of skilled OT service criteria with documentation of intervention.
2. A competent basic analysis and application in OT documentation and formats.
   1. Apply observation to OT documentation.
   2. Apply clinical reasoning to OT documentation, utilizing the OT practice framework.
   3. Apply competency in basic interpretation of OT evaluation results to establish functional problem statements with intervention planning, progress notes and discontinuation summaries.
   4. Apply the use of approved abbreviations and accepted and legal professional terminology in documentation.
   5. Apply methods of correcting documentation.
   6. Relate the components of OT evaluations and commonly used assessment tools in documentation.
   7. Relate knowledge in the application of the components of OT intervention plans.
   8. Relate knowledge in the application of the components of long-term goals writing.
   9. Relate knowledge and apply the components of short-term goals or objective writing.
   10. Relate knowledge and correctly apply the components of SOAP notes writing.
   11. Relate knowledge and correctly apply the components of narrative notes writing.
   12. Relate knowledge and correctly apply the components of discontinuation summary writing.
   13. Relate knowledge in the analyzing and application of the role of the OT/OTA in OT documentation.
3. Competent adherence to reimbursement guidelines and regulations for reimbursement of OT services.
   1. Demonstrate correct application in the documentation of skilled OT services, adhering to reimbursement guidelines.
   2. Demonstrate knowledge and competency with the Medicare review process, the appeals and reconsideration process and the implications to OT practice.

1. Review of the Basics
   1. Documentation
      1. Types of documentation and its purpose
   2. Legal document implications
      1. Descriptive vs interpretive statements
      2. Documenting for court
   3. Acceptable way to correct errors in a legal document
   4. Confidentiality with medical records and information
      1. HIPAA
      2. State licensure law and public health code
      3. Facility
      4. Departmental and inter-professional team
   5. Documenting the distinct value of OT intervention
      1. Skilled versus unskilled intervention
2. Review of OT/OTA Responsibilities
   1. Roles of OT/OTA with documentation
   2. AOTA guidelines regarding documentation for OT/OTA
   3. Requirements and guidelines of third-party payers
   4. Credentials and signatures in documentation
   5. Variety of settings and responsibilities
3. Analyzing use of Professional Terminology
   1. Professional terminology and accepted abbreviations when completing documentation assignments
   2. Applying the OT practice framework terminology and its distinct application to skilled OT services in documentation
   3. Identifying, formulating and applying occupational therapy problems
      1. Application of the OTPF and correct terminology
4. Problem Oriented Medical Record (POMR)
   1. SOAP format
   2. Narrative format
   3. Application of clinical reasoning
5. Application of Activity Analysis and Observation Skills into OT Documentation
   1. Gathering and utilizing client information from the medical record and the OT evaluation to establish functional problem statements, goals and document client performance
   2. Applying observation skills in accurate documentation of performance in objective terms
   3. Applying activity analysis to synthesis intervention and performance data to intervention documentation
   4. Applying clinical reasoning skills to substantiate medical necessity through professional assessment and documentation
   5. Documentation of skilled services versus non-skilled services
      1. Professional assessment
      2. Substantiation of services
      3. Reasonable and medically necessary intervention
6. Application of Functional OT Goals/Performance Objectives
   1. Application and documentation of functional long and short-term occupational therapy goals
   2. Application and documentation of performance objectives which includes the instructional variable, observable behavior, measurement and proficiency.
7. Developing, Documenting and Interpreting an Intervention Plan
   1. Documenting intervention plans with focus on function and OTPF
   2. De-emphasizing the methods and modalities
      1. Applying function to the intervention and documentation of the client’s response to intervention
8. Documentation in Narrative Format
   1. Progress and discharge note using the narrative format
   2. Applying clinical reasoning, client response and professional assessment
9. Documenting in SOAP Format
   1. Progress and discharge note using the SOAP format
   2. Applying clinical reasoning, client response and professional assessment
10. Reconsideration and Appeals Process
    1. Denial/appeals process
    2. Implications to reimbursement
    3. Types of appeal letters
11. Identifying and Applying Required Documentation Content to a Variety of Documentation Formats
12. Electronic Medical Records and Documentation / Incorporating Documentation Content into the EMR

OTAS 2410 - Advanced Physical Rehabilitation Lecture

1. The application and analysis of occupational therapy process and frame of references for intervention methods for clients with physical dysfunction.
   1. Utilize the occupational therapy process with physical dysfunction clients.
   2. Occupational therapy screening and evaluation, and intervention with physical dysfunction clients.
   3. The use of occupational therapy practice models utilized with physical dysfunction intervention.
   4. The application of frame of references with physical dysfunction intervention.
   5. Evidence-based practice methods relating clients in physical dysfunction settings.
   6. The roles and responsibilities of the OTA and OT.
2. Analysis and application of occupational therapy screening and evaluation utilized with clients in physical dysfunction settings.
   1. Apply the screening and evaluation process for ADL assessments, and its application to evidence-based practice.
   2. Apply the screening and evaluation process for range of motion assessments, and its application to evidence-based practice.
      1. a. Active range of motion
      2. b. Passive range of motion
      3. c. Functional range of motion
   3. Apply the screening and evaluation process for functional muscle testing, and its application to evidence-based practice.
   4. Apply the screening and evaluation process of muscle tone, and its application to evidence-based practice.
   5. Apply the screening and evaluation process of activity tolerance, and its application to evidence-based practice.
   6. Apply the screening and evaluation process of balance, and its application to evidence-based practice.
   7. Apply the screening and evaluation process of gross and fine motor coordination, and its application to evidence-based practice.
   8. Apply the screening and evaluation process for sensation, and its application to evidence-based practice.
   9. Apply the screening and evaluation process for cognition, and its application to evidence-based practice.
   10. Apply the screening and evaluation process for perception, and its application to evidence-based practice.
   11. Apply the screening and evaluation process of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), and its application to evidence-based practice.
   12. Apply the screening and evaluation process for evaluation of work, leisure, and social participation, and its application to evidence-based practice.
3. Application of occupational therapy intervention utilized with a variety of clients in physical dysfunction settings.
   1. Articulate and apply the purpose and protocols for ADL intervention and its application to occupational performance and participation.
   2. Articulate and apply the purpose of range of motion intervention and its application to occupational performance and participation.
      1. Articulate and demonstrate the relationships and differences in preparatory, purposeful, and occupation-based intervention for range of motion activities.
      2. Analyze a given intervention for grading, application, modification, and expected outcomes of an activity.
      3. Apply and demonstrate knowledge of possible contraindications and precautions of intervention approaches.
   3. Articulate and apply the purpose of muscle strengthening interventions and its application to occupational performance and participation.
      1. Articulate and demonstrate the relationships and differences in preparatory, purposeful, and occupation-based intervention for muscle strengthening activities.
      2. Analyze a given intervention for grading, application, modification, and expected outcomes of an activity.
      3. Apply and demonstrate knowledge of possible contraindications and precautions of intervention approaches.
   4. Articulate and apply the purpose of motor control interventions and its application to occupational performance and participation.
   5. Articulate and apply the purpose of activity tolerance intervention and its application to occupational performance and participation.
      1. Articulate and demonstrate the relationships and differences in preparatory, purposeful, and occupation-based intervention for activity tolerance.
      2. Analyze a given intervention for grading, application, modification, and expected outcomes of an activity.
      3. Apply knowledge of possible contraindications and precautions of intervention approaches.
   6. Articulate and apply the purpose of balance interventions and its application to occupational performance and participation.
      1. Articulate and demonstrate the relationships and differences in preparatory, purposeful, and occupation-based intervention for balance.
      2. Analyze a given intervention for grading, application, modification and expected outcomes of an activity.
      3. Apply and demonstrate knowledge of possible contraindications and precautions of intervention approaches.
   7. Articulate and apply the purpose of gross and fine motor coordination and its application to occupational performance and participation.
      1. Articulate and demonstrate the relationships and differences in preparatory, purposeful, and occupation-based activities for gross and fine motor coordination.
      2. Analyze a given intervention for grading, application, modification, and expected outcomes of an activity.
      3. Apply knowledge of possible contraindications and precautions of intervention approaches.
   8. Articulate and apply the purpose of sensation retraining and compensatory techniques and its application to occupational performance and participation.
      1. Articulate and demonstrate the relationships and differences in preparatory, purposeful, and occupation-based activities for sensation retraining and compensatory techniques.
      2. Analyze a given intervention for grading, application, modification, and expected outcomes of an activity.
      3. Apply knowledge of possible contraindications and precautions of intervention approaches.
   9. Articulate and apply the purpose of cognition retraining and its application to occupational performance and participation.
      1. Articulate and demonstrate the relationships and differences in preparatory, purposeful, and occupation-based intervention methods for cognitive retraining.
      2. Analyze a given intervention for grading, application, modification, and expected outcomes of an activity.
      3. Apply knowledge of possible contraindications and precautions of intervention approaches.
   10. Articulate and apply the purpose of perception intervention and its application to occupational performance and participation.
       1. Articulate and demonstrate the relationships and differences in preparatory, purposeful, and occupation-based intervention methods for perceptual training.
       2. Analyze a given intervention for grading, application, modification, and expected outcomes of an activity.
       3. Apply knowledge of possible contraindications and precautions of intervention approaches.
   11. Articulate and apply the purpose of IADL intervention and its application to occupational performance and participation.
       1. Articulate the analysis of a given intervention for grading, application, modification and outcomes of an activity.
       2. Apply knowledge of possible contraindications and precautions of intervention approaches.
   12. Articulate and apply the purposes of work, leisure, and social participation and its application to occupational performance and participation.
       1. Analyze a given intervention for grading, application, modification and outcomes of an activity.
       2. Articulate knowledge of possible contraindications and precautions of intervention approaches.
4. Articulating, analyzing, and demonstrating intervention application with a given diagnosis providing evidence and rationale to support selected interventions.
   1. Articulate the analysis of a given intervention for grading, application, modification, and outcomes of an activity.
   2. Articulate knowledge of possible contraindications and precautions of intervention approaches.
   3. Articulate evidence-based practice to support rationale for intervention selection.

1. Occupational Therapy Process
   1. Evaluation
      1. Occupational profile
      2. Occupational analysis
   2. Intervention
      1. Planning
      2. Implementation
      3. Re-evaluation
   3. Outcomes
2. Frame of Reference
   1. Model of Human Occupation
   2. Biomechanical
   3. Occupation adaptation
   4. Person-Environment-Occupation Model
   5. Rehabilitation Model
3. Models of Practice
   1. Biomechanical approach
   2. Sensorimotor approach
   3. Rehabilitation approach
4. Practice Considerations in Physical Dysfunction and Clinical Application
   1. Vitals
      1. Blood pressure
      2. Pulse
      3. Respiration
      4. Pulse oximetry
   2. Medical complications
   3. Safety issues
   4. Contraindications and medical precautions
   5. Lab values
   6. Intravenous lines
   7. Oxygen use/nasal cannula
   8. Pressure ulcers
   9. Fall risk
   10. Isolation precautions
   11. Seizure
   12. Indwelling catheters
   13. OSHA and health care employees
   14. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
5. Acute Care
   1. Screening and evaluation
   2. Intervention
   3. Discharge planning
   4. Current practice trends
6. Inpatient Rehabilitation (IPR)
   1. Screening and evaluation
   2. Intervention
   3. Discharge planning
   4. Current practice trends
   5. Functional Independence Measure (FIM)
7. Sub-acute Rehabilitation
   1. Screening and evaluation
   2. Intervention
   3. Discharge planning
   4. Current practice trends
   5.  Minimum data set and resource utilization groups
8. Outpatient
   1. Screening and evaluation
   2. Intervention
   3. Current trends
9. Home Health Care
   1. Screening and evaluation
   2. Intervention
   3. Current trends
10. Methods of Screening and Evaluation, Assessment Tools, and Protocols
    1. ADL
    2. Range of motion
    3. Muscle strength
       1. Functional muscle testing
       2. Manual muscle testing (muscle groups)
    4. Motor control
       1. Neurodevelopmental approach (NDT/Bobath)
       2. Rood approach
       3. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)
       4. Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy
       5. Brunnstrom approach
    5. Activity tolerance
    6. Balance
       1. Standing
          1. Static and dynamic
       2. Sitting
          1. Static and dynamic
    7. Coordination
    8. Sensation
    9. Cognition
    10. Perception
    11. IADL
    12. Work
    13. Leisure
    14. Social participation
11. Delineation and Application of Activities and Interventions Methods
    1. Occupational based activities
    2. Purposeful activities
    3. Preparatory activities
    4. Analysis
    5. Grading
    6. Modification
    7. Outcomes
12. OT Process and Intervention Application in Clinical Practice
    1. Application to a given client diagnosis
    2. Analysis for gradation, application, modification and expected outcomes
    3. Evidence-based support for selected interventions
    4. Contraindications and precautions with intervention approaches
    5. Discharge planning and outcomes

OTAS 2425 - Advanced Physical Rehabilitation-Lab

1. Clinical reasoning analysis and competent application of occupational therapy screening and assessment tools for the purpose of delivering evidence-based practice.
   1. Explain the purpose and demonstrate competent application of ADL screening and evaluation.
   2. Explain the purpose and demonstrate competent application of screening and evaluation of feeding/eating.
   3. Explain the purpose and demonstrate competent application of functional range of motion screening.
   4. Explain the purpose and demonstrate competent application of range of motion screening and evaluation, utilizing goniometric measurement tools.
   5. Explain the purpose and demonstrate competent application of manual muscle testing and functional muscle testing.
   6. Explain the purpose and demonstrate competent application of evaluating grip and pinch strength, utilizing pinch gauge and dynamometer as assessment measurement tools.
   7. Explain the purpose and demonstrate competent application for the screening and evaluation of muscle tone.
   8. Explain the purpose and demonstrate competent application for the screening and evaluation of activity tolerance.
   9. Explain the purpose and demonstrate competent application for the screening and evaluation of balance, utilizing a variety of evaluation methods.
   10. Explain the purpose and demonstrate competent application for the screening and evaluation of coordination.
   11. Explain the purpose and demonstrate competent application for screening and evaluation of sensation.
   12. Explain the purpose and demonstrate competent application for screening and evaluation of cognition.
   13. Explain the purpose and demonstrate competent application for screening and evaluation of perception.
   14. Explain the purpose and demonstrate competent application for screening and evaluation of IADL, and the use of assistive devices and adaptive methods.
   15. Explain the purpose and demonstrate competent application for screening and evaluation of work, leisure, and social participation.
   16. Describe the role of the OT and OTA in occupational therapy screening and evaluation, along with the importance of, and the rationale for supervision and collaborative work with physical dysfunction clients.
2. Clinical reasoning, analysis and appreciation of skill, planning and safe selection of preparatory, purposeful, and occupation-based interventions with adult clients in physical dysfunction settings.
   1. Apply skill in the application of the OT process, frames of reference and clinical reasoning to various interventions.
   2. Apply competent skill, planning, and the selection of diagnostic specific methods for bed positioning and mobility.
   3. Apply competent skill in ADL intervention, including the utilization of assistive devices and adaptive techniques, for outcome results and the promotion of health and wellness.
   4. Apply competent skill, planning, and activity selection for range of motion interventions for outcome results and the promotion of health and wellness.
   5. Apply competent skill, planning, and activity selection for muscle strengthening interventions for outcome results and the promotion of health and wellness.
   6. Apply competent skill, planning, and activity selection of muscle re-education techniques for outcome results and the promotion of health and wellness.
   7. Apply competent skill, planning, and activity selection of activity tolerance for outcome results and the promotion of health and wellness.
   8. Apply competent skill, planning, and activity selection of balance intervention to promote outcome results and the promotion of health and wellness.
   9. Apply competent skill, planning, and activity selection of fine and gross motor coordination for outcome results and the promotion of health and wellness.
   10. Apply competent skill, planning, and selection of activities for remediation and compensation of sensory deficits for outcome results and the promotion of health and wellness.
   11. Apply competent skill, planning, and activity selection of cognitive retraining and intervention for outcome results and the promotion of health and wellness.
   12. Apply competent skill, planning, and activity selection of perceptual deficits for outcome results and the promotion of health and wellness.
   13. Apply competent skill, planning, and activity selection in IADL performance, utilizing assistive devices and adaptive techniques for outcome results and the promotion of health and wellness.
   14. Apply competent skill, planning, and activity selection in work performance for outcome results and the promotion of health and wellness.
   15. Apply competent skill, planning, and activity selection in leisure and social participation performance for outcomes and the promotion of health and wellness.
   16. Model the role of the OTA in a collaborative partnership with the OT in physical dysfunction interventions.

1. Occupation Therapy Process
   1. Evaluation
      1. Occupational profile
      2. Occupational analysis
   2. Intervention
      1. Planning
      2. Implementation
      3. Re-evaluation
   3. Outcomes
2. Application of OT Practice Framework
   1. Areas of occupation
   2. Client factors
   3. Activity demands
   4. Performance skills
   5. Performance patterns
   6. Context
3. Application of Models of Practice
   1. Biomechanical approach
   2. Sensorimotor approach
   3. Rehabilitative approach
4. Safety
   1. Environment
   2. Medical complications and precautions
   3. Diagnosis specific considerations
      1. Orthopedic diagnoses
         1. Attention to incision site
         2. Attention to hip precautions
         3. Attention to weight bearing status
         4. Attention to pain tolerance
         5. Attention to braces
      2. Neurological diagnoses
         1. Attention to indwelling catheter
         2. Attention to safety precautions
         3. Attention to pain tolerance
         4. Attention to orthostatic hypotension
         5. Attention to visual neglect/hemianopsia
         6. Attention to cognitive deficits
5. Screening and Evaluation Methods (Standardized and Non-Standardized)
   1. Activities of daily living (ADL)
   2. Range of motion
   3. Manual muscle testing and functional muscle testing
   4. Motor control
   5. Activity tolerance
   6. Balance
   7. Coordination
   8. Sensation
   9. Cognition
   10. Perception
   11. Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)
   12. Work
   13. Leisure
   14. Social participation
   15. Re-evaluation utilizing OTA and OT collaboration
   16. Discharge planning applying outcome-based interventions and criteria utilized for appropriate termination of occupational therapy services
6. Evaluation and Activity Selection in Positioning and Bed Mobility
   1. Positioning techniques to prevent deformities, contractures, and pressure ulcers
   2. Bed mobility and positioning
   3. Application to occupation-based intervention
   4. Expected clinical outcomes
7. Evaluation and Activity Selection for Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Intervention
   1. ADL adaptive techniques
      1. Application of one-handed dressing techniques
      2. Adaptive self-care techniques interventions
   2. Assistive devices
      1. Dressing
      2. Bathing
      3. Grooming
      4. Feeding
         1. Swallowing problems
         2. Assistive devices, compensatory techniques, facilitation/ inhibition techniques
         3. Precautions and contraindications
         4. Interprofessional/caregiver instruction
         5. Role of OT/OTA
   3. Expected clinical outcomes
8. Evaluation and Activity Selection for Range of Motion Intervention
   1. Evaluation utilizing a variety of goniometers
   2. Functional screening
   3. Active range of motion techniques from bedside, wheelchair, and mat
   4. Passive range of motion techniques from bedside, wheelchair, and mat
   5. Active assist range of motion techniques from bedside, wheelchair, and mat
   6. Self-range of motion techniques from bed, wheelchair, and mat
   7. Application to preparatory, purposeful, and occupation-based intervention
   8. Expected clinical outcomes
9. Evaluation and Activity Selection for Muscle Strengthening Intervention
   1. Use of muscle grades
   2. Grading resistive activities and exercises
   3. Types of exercise
      1. Isotonic
      2. Isometric
   4. Application to preparatory, purposeful, and occupation-based intervention utilizing interpretation of muscle grade measurement
   5. Expected clinical outcomes
10. Evaluation and Activity Selection for Neuromuscular Re-education Intervention Approaches
    1. Neurodevelopmental approach (NDT)
    2. Rood approach
    3. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)
    4. Constraint-induced movement therapy
    5. Expected clinical outcomes
11. Evaluation and Activity Selection for Activity Tolerance Intervention
    1. Screening
    2. Grades of activity tolerance
12. Evaluation and Activity Selection for Balance Intervention
    1. Screening and evaluation
    2. Protocols and procedure application of assessment tools
    3. Application to preparatory, purposeful, and occupation-based intervention
    4. Expected clinical outcomes
13. Evaluation and Activity Selection for Gross and Fine Motor Coordination Intervention
    1. Screening and evaluation
       1. Gross motor
       2. Fine motor
    2. Protocols and procedure application with standardized assessment tools
    3. Application to preparatory, purposeful, and occupation-based intervention
    4. Expected clinical outcomes
14. Evaluation and Activity Selection for Sensory Deficits
    1. Screening and evaluation
    2. Sensory retraining activities
    3. Compensatory strategies
    4. Application to preparatory, purposeful, and occupation-based intervention
    5. Expected clinical outcomes
15. Evaluation and Activity Selection for Cognitive Deficits
    1. Retraining techniques
    2. Compensatory strategies
    3. Expected clinical outcomes
16. Evaluation and Activity Selection for Perceptual Deficits
    1. Visual acuity
    2. Visual conditions
    3. Retraining techniques
    4. Compensatory strategies
    5. Expected clinical outcomes
17. Evaluation and Activity Selection for IADL Interventions
    1. Screening and evaluation
    2. Interventions utilizing assistive devices and adaptive techniques
    3. Expected clinical outcomes

OTAS 2450 - Level 1 Fieldwork-Second Placement

Credit Hours: 1.00

Outcomes and Objectives: Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:

1. Demonstrate beginning ability to integrate academic learning with clinical practice and its relationship to occupational performance.
2. Demonstrate ability to gather an occupational profile through a client-centered approach including medical chart review, interviews and clinical observation of performance.
3. Demonstrate beginning ability to interpret information gathered via observation of the client’s occupational performance to formulate appropriate occupational therapy treatment interventions.
4. Demonstrate implementation of intervention treatment techniques utilizing occupation-based activities learned in class, or those used at the fieldwork site, under the supervision of the fieldwork educator and in collaboration with the client, caregiver and family
5. Document the client’s performance utilizing the occupational therapy practice framework.
6. Demonstrate awareness and intervention of safety issues throughout the client’s occupational performance.
7. Demonstrate knowledge of roles and functions of other related team members working with clients.
8. Demonstrate effective beginning intervention through written, oral/non-verbal communication with clients, families, peers, supervision and other health providers in a professional manner.
9. Demonstrate beginning skills of collaboration with occupation therapist and other interprofessional team members.

1. Introduction
   1. Course sequence, requirements, expectations of student performance and competencies.
2. Didactic Portion
   1. Universal Precautions
      1. Follow universal precautions while engaged in patient care
         1. Hand washing techniques
         2. Air-borne and blood-borne pathogens
      2. Hepatitis B vaccinations or waiver
   2. Observation Techniques
      1. Behavioral vs. interpretive
      2. Documentation techniques
      3. Communication skills
         1. Utilize observation and communication skills while engaging the client in occupation-based interventions
   3. Professionalism
      1. Dress code
      2. Responding to constructive criticism
      3. AOTA Code of Ethics
3. Fieldwork Portion
   1. Observation: Refers to the act of seeing, but more importantly, seeing with attention to specific elements and details so that it becomes possible to make tentative statements about what has been seen. Students will receive some guidance as to what is to be observed.
   2. Participation: Implies a shared involvement in occupation-based interventions. The student must take responsibility for their learning, including professional accountability and communication.
   3. Affective domain: Evaluation of the student in the affective domain is aimed at objectively assessing those personal traits and attitudes which are viewed as essential to the growth and development of the student, not only as a practitioner but as a well-integrated person. Traits and attitudes to be considered will include:
      1. General appearance: appropriate attire each day, appropriate footwear, presents self appropriately.
      2. Dependability: attends clinicals, arrives on time, carries out assignment, follows direction accurately, accepts responsibility within capabilities.
      3. Ability to accept supervision: accepts feedback objectively, profits from suggestions, can engage on collaborative relationships, not passive-dependent, accepts guidance and feedback.
      4. Attitude: positive, realistic, willingness to accept new and different ideas.
      5. Initiative: seeks out information, assumes responsibility for learning, does not need prodding, can assume responsibility for tasks within capacity, follows through on own where appropriate.
      6. Interpersonal relationship: comfortable with client and staff, able to initiate conversation with client, viewed positively by others, adjusts to situations.
      7. Ability to communicate: expresses self clearly both orally and in writing, spells correctly, uses terminology appropriately, speaks with assurance.

OTAS 2580 - Level 2 Fieldwork-First Placement

Credit Hours: 4.00

Objectives:

1. Demonstrate ongoing practice in adherence to the Code of Ethics.
2. Demonstrate ongoing practice in adherence of safety regulations and use of sound judgment in regard to safety of others.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify all essential functions expected of an entry-level OTA in the Basic Tenets of Occupational Therapy.

Objectives:

1. Demonstrate ongoing practice of clear communications of the value and beliefs of occupational therapy.
2. Demonstrate ongoing practice of clear communications of the roles of occupational therapy personnel.
3. Demonstrate ongoing practice in the use of informed decisions based on relevant resources.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify all essential functions expected of an entry-level OTA in Evaluation and Screening.

Objectives:

1. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to collect data.
2. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to administer assessments.
3. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to interpret assessments.
4. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to report assessment findings accurately.
5. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to establish intervention goals.

Outcome 4: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify all essential functions expected of an entry-level OTA in Treatment Interventions.

Objectives:

1. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to plan interventions.
2. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to select and sequence relevant interventions.
3. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to implement occupation-based interventions effectively.
4. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to analyze and grade treatment interventions.
5. Demonstrate ongoing practice of therapeutic use of self to facilitate intervention goals.
6. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to modify intervention plan as indicated by the client.

Outcome 5: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify all essential functions expected of an entry-level OTA in Communication Skills.

Objectives:

1. Demonstrate ongoing practice of effective verbal and nonverbal communications.
2. Demonstrate ongoing practice of effective written communications.

Outcome 6: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify all essential functions expected of an entry-level OTA in Professional Behavior.

Objectives:

1. Demonstrate ongoing practice of self-responsibility in attaining professional competence.
2. Demonstrate ongoing practice of positive response to constructive feedback.
3. Demonstrate ongoing practice of consistent work behavior including, initiative, preparedness, dependability, cooperation, flexibility, tact, empathy, time management and work site maintenance.
4. Demonstrate ongoing practice of respect for cultural diversity factors.

Student will focus on all stages of the OT process in collaboration with the supervising OTR or COTA. Focus of this experience will vary, depending on the location of the fieldwork experience. Application of OT theory, treatment approaches, frames of reference, documentation skills and communication skills will be covered.

OTAS 2590 - Level 2 Fieldwork-Second Placement

Credit Hours: 4.00

Objectives:

1. Demonstrate adherence to the Code of Ethics.
2. Demonstrate adherence of safety regulations and use of sound judgment in regard to safety of others.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify all essential functions expected of an entry-level OTA in the Basic Tenets of Occupational Therapy.

Objectives:

1. Demonstrate ongoing practice of clear communications of the value and beliefs of occupational therapy.
2. Demonstrate ongoing practice of clear communications of the roles of occupational therapy personnel.
3. Demonstrate ongoing practice in the use of informed decisions based on relevant resources.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify all essential functions expected of an entry-level OTA in Evaluation and Screening.

Objectives:

1. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to collect data.
2. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to administer assessments.
3. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to interpret assessments.
4. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to report assessment findings accurately.
5. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to establish intervention goals.

Outcome 4: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify all essential functions expected of an entry-level OTA in Treatment Interventions.

Objectives:

1. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to plan interventions.
2. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to select and sequence relevant interventions.
3. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to implement occupation-based interventions effectively.
4. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to analyze and grade treatment interventions.
5. Demonstrate ongoing practice of therapeutic use of self to facilitate intervention goals.
6. Demonstrate ongoing practice of the ability to modify intervention plan as indicated by the client.

Outcome 5: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify all essential functions expected of an entry-level OTA in Communication Skills.

Objectives:

1. Demonstrate ongoing practice of effective verbal and nonverbal communications.
2. Demonstrate ongoing practice of effective written communications.

Outcome 6: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify all essential functions expected of an entry-level OTA in Professional Behavior.

Objectives:

1. Demonstrate ongoing practice of self-responsibility in attaining professional competence.
2. Demonstrate ongoing practice of positive response to constructive feedback.
3. Demonstrate ongoing practice of consistent work behavior including initiative, preparedness, dependability, cooperation, flexibility, tact, empathy, time management and work site maintenance.
4. Demonstrate ongoing practice of respect for cultural diversity factors.

Student will focus on all stages of the OT process in collaboration with the supervising OT or OTA. Focus of this experience will vary, depending on the location of the fieldwork experience. Application of OT theory, treatment approaches, frames of reference, documentation skills and communication skills will be covered.

PHIL 2010 - Introduction to Philosophy

Credit Hours: 3.00

Objectives:

1. Identify various philosophical positions.
2. Identify various philosophical problems
3. Identify various philosophical arguments.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will demonstrate a facility with the vocabulary of philosophy.

Objectives:

1. Recognize the vocabulary of philosophy.
2. Define the vocabulary of philosophy.
3. Apply the vocabulary of philosophy.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to apply critical thinking skills to philosophy.

Objectives:

1. Identify premises inherent in philosophical arguments.
2. Identify the assumptions inherent in philosophical arguments.
3. Analyze the implications of philosophical arguments.

1. An introduction to various philosophies
2. An examination of various philosophical arguments and terms
3. An examination of some major philosophers
4. An investigation of some major areas of philosophy, e.g. metaphysics and epistemology

PHIL 2100 - Introduction to Ethics

Credit Hours: 3.00

Objectives:

1. Identify various ethical positions.
2. Identify various ethical problems.
3. Identify various ethical arguments.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to demonstrate a facility with the vocabulary of ethics.

Objectives:

1. Recognize the vocabulary of ethics.
2. Define the vocabulary of ethics.
3. Apply the vocabulary of ethics.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to apply critical thinking skills to ethics.

Objectives:

1. Identify premises inherent in ethical arguments/theories.
2. Identify the assumptions inherent in ethical arguments/theories.
3. Analyze the implications of ethical arguments/theories.

1. An introduction to various ethical theories
2. An examination of various ethical arguments and terms
3. An examination of some major ethical thinkers
4. An investigation of some contemporary ethical issues

PHIL 2120 - Professional Ethics

Credit Hours: 3.00

Objectives:

1. Define the concept of a profession.
2. Identify a code of ethics specific for a specific profession.
3. Articulate the details of the actions prescribed and prohibited by this particular code.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to articulate the tenets of various moral theories.

Objectives:

1. Identify the main historical ethical theories.
2. Define the terms specific to each theory.
3. State some strengths and weaknesses of each theory.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to identify a professional moral issue, analyze its complex components, and offer a reasoned solution.

Objectives:

1. Clarify the difference between professional moral issues and moral or immoral actions.
2. Articulate a precise moral issue.
3. Detail the specific components of the issue.
4. Identify the professional code of ethics that pertains to the issue.
5. Suggest a solution to the issue in accord with the appropriate code of ethics.

Outcome 4: Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to discuss various moral problems faced by professionals.

Objectives:

1. Discuss specific issues raised in readings.
2. Identify the complexity of an issue related to specific cultural beliefs or practices as noted in the readings.
3. Offer an analysis of the issue and the solutions prescribed in the reading.

1. Introduction: Syllabus and Course Overview
   What is a Professional?
   The Role of a Professional
   Private and Corporate Codes of Behavior
2. Major Ethical Theories
   Virtue (Plato, Aristotle)
   Deontological (Kant)
3. Major Ethical Theories
   Utilitarian (Bentham and Mill), Communitarian (Habermas)
   Moral Sense (Hume, Smith)
4. Major Ethical Theories
   Existentialist (Nietzsche)
   Key Terminology
   Agency and Paternalism
   Reflective Equilibrium
5. Codes of Ethics
   Professional Conduct
   Ideal Codes and Actual Behaviors
6. Codes of Ethics
   How to Define Ethical Issues
   Issue/Action Delineation
7. Professional/Client Relationship
   Privacy and Confidentiality
   Autonomy
8. Professional/Client Relationship
   Deceptive Advertising
   Informed Consent and Information Sharing
9. Professional Responsibility
   Corporate Moral Agency
   Collective Responsibility
10. Professional Responsibility
    Social Responsibility
    Bribery/International Operations
11. Professional Responsibility
    Loyalty
    Dissent/Whistle Blowing
12. Professional Responsibility
    Distributive Justice
    Compensatory Justice
13. Regulation, Training, and Behavior
    Due Diligence
    Sexual Harassment
14. Issues of Difference
    International Considerations
    Recognition of, and Respect for, Diverse Social/Religious Customs
15. Moral Creativity
    Formulating Solutions
    Effective Leadership
    Avoiding Disasters
16. What is a Professional? - Revisited
    Success-What is it? Can it be Measured?

PHIL 2200 - Introduction to Logic

Credit Hours: 3.00

Objectives:

1. Identify different types of logical reasoning.
2. Identify various logical rules for arguments.
3. Identify various logical principles.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of informal fallacies.

Objectives:

1. Recognize various informal fallacies.
2. Define various informal fallacies.
3. Explain various informal fallacies.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to demonstrate a facility with the vocabulary of logic.

Objectives:

1. Recognize the vocabulary of logic
2. Define the vocabulary of logic
3. Apply the vocabulary of logic

1. An introduction to basic modes of logical reasoning, e.g. deductive and inductive
2. An examination of fallacies (formal and/or informal).
3. An examination of Aristotelian and/or propositional logic.

PHIL 2400 - Philosophy of Religion

Credit Hours: 3.00

Objectives:

1. Identify various philosophical positions in regard to the faith/reason debate.
2. Identify various philosophical problems which arise in this debate.
3. Identify various philosophical arguments proffered in this debate.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of the vocabulary specific to the philosophy of religion.

Objectives:

1. Recognize the vocabulary of philosophy of religion.
2. Define the vocabulary of philosophy of religion.
3. Apply the vocabulary of philosophy of religion.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of the course, students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of certain topics central to Philosophy of Religion.

Objectives:

1. Identify the arguments for God’s existence and the objections to them.
2. Identify the some of the claims thinkers have made regarding the origin of religion.
3. Identify the implications of philosophical these arguments and claims.

1. An explanation and analysis of the proofs for God’s existence.
2. An examination of the faith/reason debate.
3. An examination of the claims about the origins of religious beliefs.
4. An investigation of some of the other major ideas in the area of philosophy of religion, such as free will, mysticism, and the problem of evil.

PHSA 1050 - Physical Science

Credit Hours: 4.00

Apply the scientific process to a variety of physical situations.

Objectives:

1. Identify the laws, models, or theories that are applicable.
2. Describe the physical laws, models, and theories.
3. Analyze and apply the physical laws, models and theories.
4. Assess the testability of a hypothesis.
5. Develop research questions.
6. Develop appropriate physical hypotheses.
7. Identify dependent, independent, and constant variables.
8. Test valid hypotheses.
9. Analyze and interpret the success or failure of physical hypotheses.
10. Question observations.
11. Follow/Apply written lab instructions.
12. Peer Review Process.

Course Outcome:

Be familiar with scientific usage of specialized, scientific vocabulary.

Objectives:

1. Define terminology.
2. Recall terminology.
3. Employ terminology.

Course Outcome:

Explore preconceptions concerning physical interactions, and develop conceptual changes to reflect basic physics concepts relating to the physical sciences.

Objectives:

1. Differentiate between intuitive expectations and established scientific principles through classroom discussion and laboratory exercises.
2. Through lab experiments students will compare experimental results with preconceived notions.

Course Outcome:

Using the scientific method, take accurate data, organize and analyze experimental data

Objectives:

1. Collect data through experimentation and observation.
2. Utilize various measuring instruments to collect data.
3. Analyze (using mathematics) and interpret data to arrive at a conclusion.
4. Reproduce results that are commonly accepted.
5. Based upon current theoretical models make predictions about experimental outcomes.
6. Compare experimental conclusions to theoretical predictions.
7. Organize results and conclusions to communicate understanding of mathematical and conceptual physics.

Course Outcome:

Gain a historical perspective of the development of science and scientific laws relating to the sciences.

Objectives:

1. Identify the historical laws, models, and theories.
2. Describe the historical laws, models, and theories.

1. Introduction to the Use of Computers
   1. Graphing
   2. Current Macomb Community College LMS
   3. Other (Simulations, videos, google searches, etc…)
2. Measurement
   1. Terminology: Measurement, density, deci, centi, milli, kilo, gram, liter, meter, time, average, error, percent error, meniscus, volume, mass, temperature, metric system
   2. Measurement Rule
   3. Unit conversions (metric to English and vice versa)
   4. Measure mass, volume, weight, temperature, time, length, etc… . using various instruments
   5. Calculate derived quantities
   6. Calculate average, error, and percent error.
3. Experimental Models
   1. Terminology: Observation, law, hypothesis, theory, scientific method, research question, independent variable, dependent variable, constants, period, mass, amplitude, vibration, oscillation, pendulum, prediction
   2. Pendulum
   3. Graphing and analysis
4. The Structure Of Matter
   1. Terminology: Acid, atomic number, atomic weight, atoms, base, compounds, covalent bond, dissociation, electrolyte, electrons, elements, gas, groups, heterogeneous, homogeneous, indicator, inorganic, ion, ionic bond, isotopes, liquid, litmus, matter, mixtures, molecules, neutrons, non-pure substance, organic, period, phenolphthalein, pHydrion, protons, pure substance, shells or orbits, solid
   2. Atomic Theory
   3. Periodic Table
   4. Covalent and ionic bonds
   5. Elements and molecules
   6. States of Matter
   7. Properties of metals and non-metals
   8. Law of Definite Proportions
   9. Acids and Bases
   10. Graphing and Analysis
5. Motion
   1. Terminology: Speed, velocity, acceleration, mass, constant, acceleration, time, linear motion, momentum, impact, inertia, kinetic energy, impulse
   2. Speed
   3. Acceleration
   4. Momentum
   5. Kinetic Energy
   6. Graphing and Analysis
6. Forces and Simple Machines
   1. Terminology: Actual Mechanical Advantage, Effort, Ideal Mechanical Advantage, lever, inclined plane, pulley, wedge, screw, wheel and axle, resistance, effort, fulcrum, Ideal Effort, Actual Effort, Newton’s Laws of Motion, Force, Newton, weight
   2. Forces
   3. Newton’s Three Laws of Motion
   4. Simple Machines
   5. Mechanical Advantage
   6. Graphing and Analysis
7. Energy
   1. Terminology: Acceleration, chemical, electrical, energy, energy conversion, force, heat, horsepower, joule, kinetic energy, light, mechanical, nuclear, potential energy, power, sound, speed, watt, work
   2. Forms of Energy
   3. Energy Conversions
   4. Work - Energy Theorem
   5. Conservation of Energy
   6. Work for Simple Machines
   7. Power
   8. Graphing and Analysis
8. Heat
   1. Terminology: Calorimeter, specific heat capacity, temperature, mass, heat, calorie, equilibrium, Conservation of Energy, Kelvin, Fahrenheit, thermal expansion, thermal transfer, conduction, convection, radiation
   2. Temperature and Kinetic Energy
   3. Temperature Scales and Absolute Zero
   4. Calorimetry
   5. Conservation of energy
   6. Graphing and Analysis
9. Sound
   1. Terminology: Sound, longitudinal waves, vibration, amplitude, wavelength, period, frequency, loudness, intensity, wave form, wavelength, tone, decibel, resonance, interference, Doppler effect, pitch, beats
   2. Sound Models
   3. Inverse Square Law
   4. Temperature dependence of speed of sound
   5. Frequency, Wavelength, Amplitude, speed
   6. Reflecting surfaces
   7. Graphing and analysis
10. Electricity
    1. Terminology: Ohm, ampere, volt, direct current, fuse, alternating current, static electricity, nonconductors, insulators, conductors, current electricity
    2. Electrostatics
    3. Parallel and series circuits
    4. Ohm’s Law
    5. Power
    6. Analysis
11. Magnetism
    1. Terminology: Magnet, magnetism, insulators, conductors, commutator, magnetic field, north pole, south pole, ferromagnetic, dipoles, domains, magnetic field, magnetic declination, inverse square law, electromagnet, generator, armature, hertz, frequency
    2. Magnetic and Non Magnetic materials
    3. Motors and Generators
    4. Magnetic Fields
    5. Inverse Square Law (special case)
    6. Graphing and Analysis
12. Light
    1. Terminology: Radiant energy, electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic radiation, light, optical medium, refraction, transparent, translucent, opaque, convex lens, principal focus, concave lens, focal lengths, reflection, diffusion.
    2. Electromagnetic spectrum
    3. Law of Reflection
    4. Laws of Refraction
    5. Inverse Square Law
    6. Graphing and Analysis
13. Color
    1. Terminology: color addition, color subtraction, complementary colors, constructive and destructive interference, cyan, diffraction grating, light, magenta, primary colors of light, prism, secondary colors of light, spectroscope, spectrum
    2. Spectrums
    3. Color Addition
    4. Color Subtraction
    5. Analysis

PTAS 1020 - Physical Therapy Procedures 1-Lecture

Credit Hours: 2.00

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe models of disablement as an approach to patient management.
2. Describe steps of the patient management process.
3. Discuss treatment implementation as it relates to short term goals and functional outcomes.
4. Discuss the roles of the PT and PTA in patient management.
5. Discuss the history of medical documentation.
6. Describe various methods of documentation common to Physical Therapy.
7. Compare and contrast selected documentation methods.
8. Identify and describe components of an initial evaluation including plan of care.
9. Identify and describe components of a SOAP note.
10. Discuss the Health Care Insurance Portability Act and its implications for the PTA.
11. Describe the role of data collection in the progression of treatment within the plan of care.
12. Identify and describe data collection and intervention activities that are outside of the scope of practice for PTA.
13. Describe values based behaviors for PTA in the provision of care under the supervision of the physical therapist
14. Briefly describe the relationship between provision of care and third-party reimbursement

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe the role of universal precautions, isolation techniques, and sterile technique in physical therapy settings.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Discuss the history of related procedures in health care.
2. List situations in which sterilization is required.
3. Describe methods of sterilization.
4. Describe sterile technique.
5. Compare and contrast medical asepsis and surgical asepsis.
6. Describe the role of hand washing in physical therapy.
7. Describe types of patient isolation relating each to common patient diagnoses.
8. Define universal precautions.
9. Describe procedures related to universal precautions in patient care settings including the use of protective equipment.
10. Describe procedures used by PTAs in isolation settings.
11. Discuss the role of health care workers in the transmission of antibiotic‐ resistant infections, HIV, hepatitis, and tuberculosis.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe the role of body mechanics in physical therapy settings to conserve energy, reduce fatigue, reduce incidence of injury, promote safety and wellness.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe basic anatomy related to body mechanics.
2. Describe principles of body mechanics related to given activities including lifting, pushing, pulling, and reaching.
3. Understand the relationship between body mechanics and safety for patients and clinicians.
4. Discuss methods of teaching related to body mechanics that may be effective for patients, families, and other members of the health care team.

Outcome 4: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to discuss vital signs as indicators of patient condition and the role of the PTA in measuring vital signs.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Define pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pulse oximetry.
2. State normal ranges for pulse respiration, blood pressure, temperature and PO2.
3. Identify common measurement techniques for vital signs.
4. Describe peripheral pulses and their significance in patient health.
5. Recognize abnormal and normal variations in vital signs and common causations.
6. Discuss the importance of measuring vital signs and using data to assess a patient’s response to treatment.
7. Recognize when vital signs may be related to emergencies and describe appropriate PTA response.

Outcome 5: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to discuss techniques related to basic patient care including mobility and transfers.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe methods used to transfer and position patients including: assisted stand pivot, dependent stand pivot, two man lift, pneumatic lift, and sliding board.
2. Compare and contrast methods of transfer and relate attributes to selected patients.
3. Identify common hazards in transfers and safety precautions necessary to avoid hazards.
4. List and define descriptions of functional ability related to transfers and methods of documenting functional ability in transfers.
5. Describe necessary patient and environmental preparation necessary to perform safe and efficient transfers.

Outcome 6: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to discuss theories of pain.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Identify nervous system structures related to pain perception.
2. Describe pathways related to pain perception.
3. Describe theories related to pain perception and modulation and the role of PT in managing pain.
4. Compare and contrast acute, chronic, and referred pain.
5. Describe the pain/spasm cycle and the role of physical agents in its interruption.
6. Describe methods used to collect data related to pain.

Outcome 7: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe the use of physical agents in physical therapy.

Objectives: The student will:

1. List thermal and athermal agents.
2. Discuss the physiological effects of heat and cold.
3. Discuss the potential patient response to treatment with thermal agents.
4. Compare and contrast the physiological effects of heat and cold.
5. Describe physical mechanisms of heat exchange.
6. Discuss the role of the PTA in clinical decision making related to thermal agents.
7. Discuss the modification of treatment with physical agents in relationship to the physiological response of the patient.

Outcome 8: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe the use of superficial heating and of cryotherapy modalities in physical therapy.

Objectives: The student will:

1. List superficial heating modalities.
2. List cryotherapy agents.
3. Describe the attributes of hot packs, paraffin, fluidotherapy, and light and relate these to common conditions.
4. Describe the attributes of ice massage, cold packs, and cold baths and relate these to common conditions.
5. Discuss indications and contraindications for the use of superficial heat and cryotherapy.
6. Describe the use of superficial heat and cryotherapy in combination with other treatment approaches.
7. Describe the role of the PTA in applying superficial heat and cryotherapy interventions.
8. Discuss safety precautions in the use of superficial heating and cryotherapy modalities.

Outcome 9: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe the use of short wave diathermy in physical therapy.

Objectives: The student will:

1. List the effects of short wave diathermy (SWD).
2. Describe electrical field and magnetic field methods of application of SWD.
3. Identify tissues most likely to be impacted by SWD.
4. Describe safety reactions necessary for SWD and indications and contraindications for use.
5. Describe limitations of use in common practice.

Outcome 10: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe the use of therapeutic ultrasound in physical therapy.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Discuss the physical principles of ultrasound.
2. Discuss the theory and rationale for the application of ultrasound in the management of selected conditions.
3. Discuss thermal vs. non‐thermal ultrasound.
4. Describe the clinical applications of ultrasound and parameters of treatment related to clinical decision making.
5. Discuss safety precautions for the use of ultrasound including indications and contraindications.

Outcome 11: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe the role of physical therapy and the PTA in wound care.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe the stages of wounds.
2. Recognize the characteristics of viable skin tissue.
3. Discuss common causes and appearance of non‐healing wounds.
4. Relate principles of deconditioning, mobility, and patient care to wound prevention and management.
5. Identify common wound care products.
6. Describe methods of wound management including debridement, pulsatile lavage, and the selection of wound care products.
7. Describe the role of the PTA in application, removal, and disposal of dressings.
8. Describe the team approach to wound management and the role of PT and the PTA.

Outcome 12: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe the use of hydrotherapy in physical therapy.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe the physical principles of water.
2. Discuss the therapeutic benefits of hydrotherapy.
3. Discuss the methods of application and equipment used to provide hydrotherapy.
4. Discuss the role of hydrotherapy in wound management.
5. Discuss the indications and contraindications for hydrotherapy including potential for infection.
6. Discuss safety concerns unique to hydrotherapy.

Outcome 13: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe the use of therapeutic massage in physical therapy.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Define therapeutic vs. recreational massage.
2. Describe the physiological effects of massage.
3. Describe type of massage and massage strokes commonly used in PT.
4. Discuss the rationale for selection of massage strokes.
5. Discuss special considerations for the use of massage including draping, therapeutic environment, lubricants.
6. Identify indications and contraindications to the use of massage.

Outcome 14: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe edema management and the use of external compression in physical therapy.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe common causes of local edema and of lymph system failure.
2. Describe the components of complete decongestive physical therapy.
3. Describe the indications and contraindications for use of external compression.
4. Relate the uses of a compression pump to pathological conditions.
5. Discuss the safety considerations for the use of external compression.
6. Describe the equipment used for external compression.
7. Describe the monitoring of edema by girth and volumetric measurements.

Outcome 15: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe the principle of gait and gait training in physical therapy.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Name and describe the phases of normal gait.
2. List and define common weight bearing status indications.
3. Describe the role of assistive devices in a gait training program.
4. Describe common pre‐gait activities used in physical therapy.
5. Describe various assistive devices and compare and contrast their attributes.
6. Identify information necessary to select an appropriate assistive device.
7. Describe safety precautions necessary for gait training.
8. Describe the role of PTA in gait training.

1. Clinical Decision Making
   1. Patient management model and clinical decision making
   2. Collection of subjective and objective data
   3. Identification of impairments and functional limitations
   4. Long and short term goal setting
   5. Treatment implementation
   6. Reassessment and functional outcomes
   7. Discharge planning and the PTA
   8. Identify and describe data collection and interventions that are beyond the scope of practice for the PTA
2. Principles of Body Mechanics
   1. Basic spinal anatomy
   2. Gravity and body stability
   3. Basic principles of levers
   4. Friction
3. Vital Signs
   1. Introduction to vital signs
   2. Body temperature
   3. Pulse
   4. Pulse
   5. Respiration
   6. Documentation
   7. Emergency care: Responding to emergency situations
4. Documentation
   1. SOAP notes
   2. Electronic Medical Records
   3. Documentation for skill and necessity
   4. Documentation as it relates to reimbursement
   5. Role of documentation in quality improvement activities
5. Transfer and Moving Techniques
   1. Principle of transfers and moving techniques
   2. Functional assessment grading scale
   3. Body mechanics
   4. Types of transfers
6. Gait and Ambulation
   1. Assessment prior to gait training
   2. Selection of assistive device
   3. Progression of gait training program
      1. Preparation for standing ‐ preambulation mat program
      2. Parallel bars progression
      3. Assistive device progression
      4. Level surfaces to unlevel surfaces
      5. Stair climbing
7. Massage
   1. Principles of massage
   2. Types of techniques
      1. Effleurage
      2. Pétrissage
      3. Friction
      4. Tapotement
   3. Physiological response
   4. Indications and contraindications
8. Pain Management
   1. Classification of sensory system
   2. Transmission of sensory signals
      1. Non‐noxious
      2. Noxious
   3. Theories of pain modulation
      1. Gate theory
      2. Central pain modulation
   4. Types of pain and characteristics
      1. Acute
      2. Chronic
      3. Referred
   5. Assessment of pain
   6. Pain ‐ spasm cycle
   7. Role of thermal agents in the management of pain and inflammation
9. Cryotherapy
   1. Cold agents
   2. Indications and contraindications
   3. Physical principles
      1. Conduction
      2. Evaporation
   4. Physiological effects
      1. Hemodynamic
      2. Tissue temperature
      3. Cellular ‐ edema and inflammation
      4. Neuromotor ‐ peripheral nerves and muscle
10. Superficial Heat Agents
    1. General principles of heat
    2. Superficial versus deep heat agent
    3. Physiological principles
    4. Mild versus vigorous heating
    5. Indications and contraindications
    6. Clinical decision making
11. Hydrotherapy
    1. Physical properties
    2. Mode of heat transfer
    3. Precautions
    4. Physiological effects
    5. Mechanical effects
    6. Indications and contraindications
    7. Wound care and hydrotherapy
       1. Debridement
       2. Pulsatile lavage
       3. Selection of wound care products
12. Surgical Asepsis and Isolation Techniques
    1. Asepsis ‐ medical and surgical
    2. Isolation categories
       1. Strict isolation
       2. Contact isolation
       3. Respiratory isolation
       4. Reverse isolation ‐ protective measures
    3. Universal blood and body fluid precautions
       1. History of CDC recommendation
       2. Role in physical therapy
    4. Sterile technique
13. Therapeutic Ultrasound
    1. Superficial versus deep heat
    2. Physical principles
    3. Pulsed versus continuous ultrasound
    4. Intensity and dosage
    5. Generation of ultrasound
    6. Biophysical effects
       1. Thermal
       2. Non‐thermal
    7. Indications, contraindications, and precautions
    8. Phonophoresis
    9. Role of PTA
14. Diathermy
    1. Types of diathermy
       1. Shortwave/pulsed electromagnetic energy
    2. Induction and capacitance applications of SWD
    3. Biophysical effects
    4. Physiological effects
    5. Indications, precautions, and contraindications
15. Edema Management and External Compression
    1. General principles of the use of external compression
    2. Indications and contraindications
    3. Complete decongestive physical therapy
    4. Techniques of application
       1. Compression appliance
          1. Upper extremity
          2. Lower extremity
       2. Bandaging techniques
    5. Patient application
       1. Problems and precautions related to patient compliance

PTAS 1031 - Physical Therapy Procedures 1-Laboratory

Credit Hours: 2.00

Objectives: The student will:

1. Demonstrate effective draping and positioning technique for comfort and integument protection.
2. Demonstrate the ability to identify indicated interventions in the established plan of care.
3. Demonstrate safe patient transport including the management of special equipment.
4. Demonstrate use of the patient record to assist in safe and effective treatment.
5. Demonstrate effective management, utilization, and organization of equipment and supplies necessary for patient treatment.
6. Demonstrate effective verbal communication skills for patient and family preparation for treatment.
7. Describe appropriate delegation and supervision in the provision of physical therapy interventions.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to demonstrate knowledge and performance of safety precautions necessary for the patient and PTA.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Demonstrate effective body mechanics and lifting techniques in all procedures and techniques.
2. Verbalize knowledge of safe equipment and environmental management.
3. Utilize universal precautions as appropriate in all treatment sessions.
4. Demonstrate safe handling, supervision, and guarding techniques consistent with patient’s age, disability, and linguistic and cognitive ability.
5. Recognize when interventions of patient complexity are beyond the scope of practice for the PTA.
6. Identify indications and contraindications and special precautions for selected physical therapy interventions.
7. Recognize the existence of an emergency and describe appropriate responses based on institutional policy.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to demonstrate data collection skills necessary to implement and adjust the plan of care as designated by the physical therapist.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Measure vital signs including pulse, respiration, and blood pressure an P02 recognizing reportable findings.
2. Recognize signs of diminished neurovascular response and superficial sensation that may require adjustment in treatment.
3. Palpate and describe peripheral pulses.
4. Administer pain questionnaires appropriate to patient age, language and cognitive ability.
5. Describe the use of data collection in patient progression and outcome attainment.
6. Describe changes in mentation and cognition that may require changes to the PT plan of care.

Outcome 4: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to demonstrate the safe application of selected procedural interventions.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Demonstrate safe and effective application of superficial heat including hot packs and paraffin.
2. Demonstrate the safe and effective application of cryotherapy including icepacks, ice massage, cold immersion.
3. Demonstrate the safe and effective application of thermal and athermal ultrasound.
4. Demonstrate safe and effective fitting and adjustment of assistive devices and guarding techniques appropriate to a given patient scenario.
5. Demonstrate effective hydrotherapy techniques including cleaning and preparation of equipment and special safety precautions.
6. Demonstrate understanding of advantages and disadvantages of pulsatile lavage in wound management.
7. Demonstrate the ability to apply, remove, and dispose of dressings and bandages considering special precautions.
8. Recognize viable and nonviable tissue in the management of wounds.
9. Demonstrate the ability to perform basic therapeutic massage techniques for the neck, back, and extremities.
10. Demonstrate understanding the use of diathermy as physical therapy modalities.
11. Demonstrate the application of pneumatic compression for the upper and lower extremity.
12. Explain the role of the PTA in complete decongestive physical therapy.
13. Demonstrate the ability to establish a sterile field.
14. Demonstrate the selection and performance of patient transfers appropriate to a case scenario.
15. Demonstrate how individual differences, preferences, and values might alter the application of procedural interventions.
16. Describe anticipated responses to treatment and possible adverse responses to selected interventions.
17. Demonstrate the ability to perform and instruct other in effective interventions related to self care including: gait training on various surfaces, transfers to chair, toilet, tub and in bed mobility.

Outcome 5: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to demonstrate written, oral, and non‐verbal communication that is effective, appropriate, and confidential.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Utilize medical terminology appropriately in verbal and written communication with patients, families, health care providers, and others.
2. Recognize the need for culturally and linguistically appropriate care and describe standards for delivery related to PT.
3. Describe the impact of culture, age, disability, gender, and socioeconomic issues on communication and treatment.
4. Document a treatment session using the SOAP format.
5. Recognize how documentation requirements may vary depending on practice setting.
6. Recognize the relationship between accurate documentation and reimbursement.
7. Discuss HIPPA standards and describe compliance in various PT settings.

1. Preparation for Patient Care
   1. Introduction to patient care
   2. Preparation of treatment area
   3. Body mechanics
   4. Patient preparation
      1. Assisting/handling
      2. Draping
      3. Positioning
   5. Chart review
      1. Plan of care
      2. Identification of indications/contraindications
   6. Universal precautions
   7. Safety precautions
2. Vital Signs and Emergency Care
   1. Vital signs
      1. Pulse
      2. Respiration
      3. Blood pressure
   2. Documentation
   3. Emergency care
      1. Priority assessment
      2. Patient assessment
      3. Fainting
      4. Seizure
      5. Chest pain
      6. Diabetic reactions
      7. Heat stroke and exhaustion
3. Turning and Positioning
   1. Purposes of positioning and turning
   2. Positioning aides for comfort and skin protection
   3. Proper positioning: supine, side‐lying, prone and sitting
   4. Turning of the patient: supine to side‐lying, supine to prone, moving up and sideways, log rolling, supine to sitting
4. Transfers
   1. Intravenous and catheter care as it related to PT
   2. Stretcher and wheelchair parts
   3. Patient preparation, equipment, safety
   4. Transfers
   5. Special conditions/considerations
5. Wheelchair Mobility
   1. Stretcher and wheelchair safety
   2. Cart and wheelchair mobility activities
6. Gait Training
   1. Patient and family instruction ‐ tips on teaching
   2. Types of assistive devices and choosing an assistive device
      1. Walkers
      2. Axillary and forearm crutches
      3. Canes
   3. Gait patterns and choosing a gait pattern
   4. Patient preparation, equipment check
   5. Adjusting and fitting assistive devices
   6. Guarding and safety techniques
   7. Using assistive devices on levels and stairs
   8. Weight bearing status
7. Therapeutic Massage
   1. Principles of massage
   2. Types of therapeutic massage techniques
   3. Application of therapeutic massage to:
      1. Back
      2. Extremities
      3. Face
8. Introduction to Physical Agents Interventions
   1. General considerations of treatment
   2. Objectives of treatment
   3. Prior to treatment assessments
      1. Sensory tests ‐ light touch, hot and cold, sharp and dull
      2. Inspection and palpation
   4. Treatment procedures
      1. Preparation of PTA
      2. Preparation of patient
      3. Changes in physiological status ‐ normal and abnormal
      4. Patient observations
   5. Care, use, and maintenance of equipment
   6. Safety factors
   7. Role of the PTA in physical agent interventions
9. Cryotherapy
   1. Principles of cold
   2. Contraindications and indications
   3. Equipment and supplies
   4. Techniques of application
   5. Patient application
   6. Unique problems and precautions in the use of:
      1. Cold packs ‐ wet and dry
      2. Ice massage
10. Superficial Heat Agents
    1. Principles
    2. Indications and contraindications
    3. Equipment and supplies
    4. Techniques of application
    5. Patient application
    6. Unique problems and precautions related to the following superficial agents:
       1. Hydrocollator
       2. Hot packs
       3. Paraffin
       4. Contrast baths
       5. Fluidotherapy
11. Hydrotherapy
    1. Principles of application
    2. Indications and contraindications
    3. Equipment and supplies
    4. Whirlpool management
    5. Patient application
    6. Unique problems and precautions related to hydrotherapy
    7. Documentation
12. Sterile Technique, Wound Care and Bandaging
    1. Principles of sterile technique
    2. Sterile procedure
       1. Medical and surgical asepsis
       2. Sterile field
       3. Opening a sterile pack
       4. Adding objects to sterile field
       5. Sterile gown and gloves
    3. Isolation techniques and procedures
    4. Wound care
       1. Observing and describing the wound
       2. Types of dressing materials
       3. Superficial debridement and the role of the PTA
       4. Pulsative lavage and vacuum assisted wound closure
    5. Procedure for changing sterile dressing
    6. Bandaging techniques
       1. Circular
       2. Spiral
       3. Reverse spiral
       4. Figure of 8
       5. Safety and effectiveness of bandaging
    7. Documentation
13. Therapeutic Ultrasound
    1. Principles of ultrasound
    2. Indications and contraindications
    3. Equipment and supplies
    4. Selection of treatment parameters
    5. Techniques of application
       1. Contact technique
       2. Underwater techniques
    6. Patient application
    7. Unique problems
    8. Precautions
    9. Documentation
14. Diathermy
    1. Principles of diathermy
    2. Indications and contraindications
    3. Techniques of application
    4. Patient application
    5. Unique problems and precautions in the use of short‐wave diathermy
15. External Compression
    1. Principles of use
    2. Indications and contraindications
    3. Equipment and supplies
    4. Techniques of application
    5. Unique problems and precautions related to this modality
    6. Documentation
16. Emergency Situations
    1. Emergencies related to trauma, diabetes, cardiovascular and heat
    2. Correct response for patient and personal safety
    3. Appropriate documentation and report emergencies

PTAS 1070 - Joint Structure & Function-Lecture

Credit Hours: 2.00

Objectives: The student will:

1. Identify and describe the anatomical position and functional position of the body.
2. Name the planes/axes of movement available at each body segment.
3. Identify and define the terms of anatomical reference as they relate to comparing one body part to another and the body in space.
4. Define and describe the terms of body movements.
5. Spell all anatomical terms correctly.
6. Define and describe osteokinematics.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to define and describe types of connective tissue, joint classifications, nervous system plexus and muscle type.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Define connective tissue and describe its function.
2. Describe specifically  types of fibrous tissue including collagen, reticular, and elastin.
3. Describe general structure and function of bone.
4. Define anatomical terms specific to the skeletal system.
5. Define and identify each of the varieties of cartilage including fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage, costal cartilage.
6. Describe the process of joint nutrition and lubrication.
7. List and define different classifications of joints.
8. Name and list peripheral joint examples for synarthrodial, amphiarhtrodial, and diarthrodial joints.
9. Describe the difference between loose‐packed and closed‐packed position of a joint.
10. Describe the difference between an open and closed kinematic chain.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify and describe the structure and functional components of the human musculoskeletal system.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Classify each major joint in the body.
2. Discuss the function of joints.
3. Describe kinematic changes that occur in the joint.
4. Discuss arthrokinematics vs. osteokinematics.
5. Describe muscle structure.
6. Define origin, insertion, tendon, fascia, synergist, fixator, accessory, agonist, antagonist.
7. Define and describe a motor unit.
8. Describe different types of muscle.
9. List and describe different arrangements of skeletal muscle.
10. Describe different types of muscle contractions.
11. Describe isolated joint motion vs. multi‐joint motions.
12. Discuss active insufficiency vs. passive insufficiency.
13. Outline the steps involved in muscle contraction.

Outcome 4: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to relate the principles of anthropometrics and goniometric measurements.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Relate principles of normal joint motion to restrictions of joint motions.
2. Identify normal ranges of joint motion for the trunk and extremities.
3. Identify instruments used for anthropometric and goniometric measurements.
4. Describe the role of goniometry and patient examination
5. Describe methods of accurately recording measurements
6. Describe the indications for the use of antropometrics measurements including: height, weight, length, and girth.
7. Describe the role of the PTA in measurement and data collection.

Outcome 5: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to define and describe major body segments.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe the difference between axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.
2. Name and locate specific structures of the skeleton for: spine, shoulder complex, elbow‐forearm complex, wrist‐hand complex, hip‐pelvis complex, knee and ankle‐foot complex.
3.  List peripheral joint examples of all types of diarhtrodial joints.
4. List and descrobe all structures of each axial or peripheral joint.
5. Define and list examples of osteokinematics at each diarthrodal joint
6. Name and list important ligaments of each joint.
7. List and describe primary actions for all major muscle groups of the extremities and trunk.
8. Identify peripheral nerve innervation for all major muscle groups of the extremities and trunk.

Outcome 6: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to access information related to musculoskeletal pathology via Internet or paper-based media resources.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Through abstract presentation define and describe basic structural pathologies of the trunk.
2. Through abstract presentation define and describe basic structural pathologies of the extremities.

1. Introduction to Anatomical Terms
   1. Anatomical position
   2. Anatomical planes and axes
   3. Anatomical terms of reference
   4. Osteokinematics
   5. Anatomical terminology for joint position
2. Joint Structure and Function
   1. Connective tissue
      1. Cells
      2. Matrix
      3. Classification
   2. Osteology
      1. General features and functions of bone
      2. Mechanical properties of bone
      3. General features of cartilage
3. Joint Classifications and Selected Joint Movements
   1. Types of joints
   2. Role of synovial fluid, cartilage, etc in joints
   3. Definition of arthrokinematics and osteokinematics
   4. Blood supply to joints and synovial fluid
4. Muscle Structure and Function (Myology)
   1. Introduction to movement
   2. Characteristics of muscle
   3. Structure of muscle
   4. Types of muscle
   5. Classification of muscles by arrangement of fibers
   6. Actions, origins, insertions and innervations of muscle
   7. Physiological mechanism of muscle contraction
5. Goniometric and Anthropometric Measurements
6. Identify the Role of the PTA as Related to Measurement Techniques and Documentation
   1. Segmental length
   2. Lower extremity limb length
   3. Upper extremity limb length
   4. Volume of extremities
   5. Girth measurements
   6. Goniometry
7. General Pathologies
   1. Genu varum/valgum
   2. Coxa valga/vara
   3. Scoliosis
   4. Retroversion/anteversion
   5. Postural abnormalities
   6. Nervous system pathologies (general)
8. Topographical Discussion of Major Body Segments
   1. Shoulder joint
      1. Motions
      2. Skeletal anatomy
      3. Capsule, ligaments and bursa
      4. Major muscles and innervations
      5. Brachial plexus
      6. Axiliary triangle
   2. Shoulder girdle
      1. Joints
      2. Motions
      3. Skeletal anatomy
      4. Ligaments
      5. Major muscles and innervations
   3. Elbow complex
      1. Joints
      2. Motions
      3. Skeletal anatomy
      4. Ligaments
      5. Muscles and innervations
      6. Bursa
   4. Wrist and hand
      1. Joints
      2. Motions
      3. Skeletal anatomy
      4. Ligaments
      5. Muscles and innervations
   5. Thorax and spine
      1. Joints
      2. Motions
      3. Skeletal anatomy
      4. Ligaments
      5. Muscles and innervations
   6. Pelvis/ hip
      1. Joints
      2. Motions
      3. Skeletal anatomy
      4. Ligaments
      5. Muscles and innervations
      6. Bursa
      7. Femoral triangle
   7. Knee
      1. Joints
      2. Motions
      3. Skeletal anatomy
      4. Ligaments
      5. Muscles and innervations
      6. Popliteal fossa
      7. Bursae
   8. Ankle/foot
      1. Joints
      2. Motions
      3. Skeletal anatomy
      4. Ligaments
      5. Muscles and innervations
      6. Bursa

PTAS 1081 - Joint Structure & Function-Laboratory

Credit Hours: 1.50

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe the role of palpation in patient examination.
2. Demonstrate palpation techniques.
3. Discuss the use of inspection/observation.
4. Identify and palpate bony landmarks on the body surface.
5. Identify major joints of the human body.
6. Name and locate specific parts of the axial skeleton and appendicular skeletal.
7. Recognize common skeletal variations.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to demonstrate and describe movements of the human body at selected joints of the extremities and spine.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Demonstrate and demonstrate anatomical position.
2. Identify cardinal planes of motion.
3. Identify the axis of motion for a given movement.
4. Describe the relationship of axes to planes of motion.
5. Demonstrate and describe all diarthrodial joint osteokinematic movements of the upper extremity, thorax and spine, and lower extremity.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe primary actions for selected major muscle groups of the extremities and trunk.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Identify origin and insertion of major muscle groups of extremities and trunk.
2. Demonstrate concentric, eccentric and isometric contractions of the trunk and extremities.
3. Demonstrate primary muscle actions for all the major muscle groups of the extremities and trunk.
4. Palpate muscle groups of the extremities and trunk.

Outcome 4: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to demonstrate data collection techniques related to anthropometric and goniometric measurements appropriate to the role of the PTA.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Demonstrate proper alignment of a goniometer for a given joint movement.
2. Demonstrate ability to accurately measure joint ROM.
3. Recognize normal vs. limited range of motion.
4. Demonstrate technique for measurement of girth and length and volume of an extremity.
5. Demonstrate measurement of anthropometrical characteristics
6. Describe the role of data collection in the establishment, modification and progression of the established plan of care.
7. Discuss the role of the PTA in collecting, recording and using patient‐related data within the plan of care.

Outcome 5: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify selected postural abnormalities using a plumb line.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Identify normal postural features using a plumb line.
2. Identify postural abnormalities using a plumb line.
3. Describe the biomechanics of static and dynamic posture.

1. Anatomical Terms and Human Movement
   1. Methodology: how to analyze movement
   2. Anatomical position
   3. Terms of joint motion
      1. Spine
      2. Upper extremity
      3. Lower extremity
   4. Planes and axis for joint motion
2. Palpation/Inspection Concepts and Techniques
   1. Palpation
   2. Sensitive parts of hand
   3. Skin system and anatomical structures beneath skin
   4. Common errors
   5. Inspection/observation
3. Anatomical Bony Landmarks (Osteology)
   1. Cervical spine and thorax: anatomical structures
   2. Upper extremity: anatomical structures
      1. Shoulder and scapula
      2. Elbow and forearm
      3. Wrist and hand
   3. Lumbar spine and pelvis: anatomical structures
   4. Lower extremity: anatomical structures
      1. Hip and upper leg
      2. Knee and lower leg
      3. Ankle and foot
4. Topographical Study of Major Body Segments
   1. Shoulder girdle and shoulder
      1. Arthrology
      2. Osteokinematic movements
      3. Muscle actions
      4. Goniometric measurements
   2. Elbow, forearm, wrist and hand
      1. Arthrology
      2. Osteokinematic movements
      3. Muscle actions
      4. Goniometric measurements
   3. Selected anthropometric measurements of the upper extremity
      1. Scapula level
      2. Upper extremity circumference
      3. Upper extremity length
   4. Thorax and spine
      1. Arthrology
      2. Osteokinematic movements
      3. Muscle actions
      4. Goniometric measurements
   5. Pelvis and hip
      1. Arthrology
      2. Osteokinematic movements
      3. Muscle actions
      4. Goniometric measurements
   6. Knee, ankle and foot
      1. Arthrology
      2. Osteokinematic movements
      3. Muscle actions
      4. Goniometric measurements
   7. Selected anthropometric measurements
      1. Pelvic level
      2. Lower extremity circumference
      3. Lower extremity length
5. Posture
   1. Head/neck
   2. Shoulders
   3. Spine
   4. Knees
   5. Ankles

PTAS 1091 - Clinical Medicine for the Physical Therapist Assistant

Credit Hours: 2.00

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. Define: homeostasis, etiology, iatrogenic pre‐disposing factor, epidemiology, symptom, manifestation, exacerbation, remission.
2. Describe environmental, occupational, and stress issues related to health and wellness.
3. Describe the impact of cultural/gender health disparities on health and wellness.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to discuss the principles and concepts of inflammation and repair as a foundation for clinical decision making in physical therapy.

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. List and describe each stage of the inflammation and repair process.
2. Discuss factors that may delay or compromise healing.
3. Discuss the role of physical therapy in the management of inflammation.
4. Discuss the medical management of inflammation.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to identify and describe various pathogens.

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. Compare attributes of virus, bacterium, and fungus.
2. Describe the local and systemic signs of infection.
3. Discuss the diagnosis of infection.
4. Recognize select antimicrobial pharmacological agents.

Outcome 4: Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to discuss multi‐system pathologies.

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. Discuss the pathology of immobilization on various body systems.
2. Discuss the pathologies associated with aging on select body systems.
3. Discuss physical therapy interventions for the critically ill patient.

Outcome 5: Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to identify and describe select neoplasms.

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. Distinguish between benign and malignant tumors by their characteristics and nomenclature.
2. List the signs and symptoms of malignant disease.
3. Describe common diagnostic tests used in the management of cancer.
4. Discuss the spread of malignant tumors.
5. Discuss the possible treatment methods for various cancers including, surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

Outcome 6: Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to discuss pathologies of the musculoskeketal system.

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. Describe etiology, pathology, and medical/surgical management of trauma and fractures.
2. Describe the etiology, pathology, and medical/surgical management of chronic disease of the musculoskeletal system.
3. Describe the etiology, pathology, and medical/surgical management of infections and neoplasms of the musculoskeletal system.
4. Describe common diagnostic procedures for pathologies of the musculoskeletal system.

Outcome 7: Upon the completion of this course, the student will be able to discuss pathologies of the neuromuscular system.

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. Describe the general effects of neurological dysfunction.
2. Describe the etiology, pathology, and medical/surgical management of acute disorders of the nervous system.
3. Describe common diagnostic procedures for pathologies of the nervous system.
4. Describe the etiology, pathology, and medical/surgical management of chronic disorders of the nervous system.

Outcome 8: Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to discuss pathologies of the cardiopulmonary, integumentary, and endocrine systems.

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. Discuss the general effects of cardiopulmonary dysfunction.
2. Discuss risk factors for cardiopulmonary disease.
3. Describe the etiology, pathology, clinical course, and medical management of endocrine disorders.
4. Compare and contrast type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
5. Describe the general effects of integumentary disorders.
6. Discuss the etiology, pathology, clinical course, and medical management of integumentary disorders.

Outcome 9: Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to discuss mental health disorders.

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. Identify disorders of mood and personality.
2. Discuss the impact of psychiatric disorders on physical therapy interventions.
3. Recognize common pharmacologic agents used in the treatment of mental health disorders.

Outcome 10: Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to discuss the impact of select medical conditions on the physical therapy plan of care.

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. Identify those pathologies that may result in special precautions for physical therapy including positioning for gastric reflux.
2. Recognize when the medical complexity of a patient is beyond the scope of practice for the PTA.

1. The Study of Pathophysiology
   1. Terminology
   2. Cellular changes
   3. New developments in the study of pathology
2. Immunity and Immune Response
   1. Auto immune disorders
   2. Immunodeficiency
3. Stress
   1. Effects of prolonged stress response
4. Environmental Hazards
   1. Chemical agents
   2. Physical agents
5. Inflammation and Healing
   1. Definition of inflammation
   2. Causes of inflammation
   3. Treatment of inflammation
      1. Physical therapy management
      2. Medical management
      3. Chronic inflammation
   4. The healing process
      1. Stages of healing
      2. Factors affecting healing
      3. Delayed healing
6. Infection
   1. Types of pathogens
      1. Virus
      2. Bacteria
      3. Fungus
   2. Transmission of infection
      1. Host resistance
      2. Control of transmission
   3. Diagnosis of infection
   4. Clinical signs and symptoms of infection
   5. Clinical course of infection
   6. Management of infections
   7. Impact of infection of the physical therapy plan of care
7. Multisystem Pathologies
   1. Impact of aging on health and wellness
   2. Impact of immobility on body systems
      1. Cardiopulmonary
      2. Musculoskeletal
      3. Integumentary
   3. Multi‐system pathology and the crucially ill patient
      1. Hospice and palliative care
   4. Impact of physical therapy on patients with multisystem pathology
      1. Physical therapy in the acute care setting and ICU
8. Neoplasm
   1. Benign and malignant tumors
   2. Nomenclature
   3. Diagnosis
      1. Imaging
      2. Biopsy and staging
   4. Clinical signs and symptoms
   5. Treatment of common cancers including: breast, brain, bone, and leukemia
      1. Surgery
      2. Chemotherapy
      3. Radiation
      4. Advanced procedures
9. Musculoskeletal Pathology
   1. Fracture types
   2. Fracture management
   3. Soft tissue pathologies
      1. Tendonitis
      2. Bursitis
   4. Rheumatoid arthritis
   5. Osteoarthritis
   6. Osteoporosis
   7. Ankylosing spondylitis
   8. Osteomyelitis
   9. Osteogenic sarcoma
   10. Diagnosis of musculoskeletal pathologies
   11. Medical management/pharmacology
       1. Anti‐inflammatory
       2. DMARD
       3. Biologies
       4. Analgesic/narcotic
10. Neuromuscular Pathology
    1. Upper motor neuron vs lower motor neuron lesions
    2. Acute neuromuscular pathology
       1. TBI
       2. SCI
    3. Brain tumors
    4. CVA/TIA
    5. Diagnostics: EEG, EMG, NCV
    6. Chronic disorders of the neuromuscular system
       1. Demyelization/MS
       2. Movement disorders/PD
       3. Dementias and Alzheimer’s disease
       4. Rare CNS disorders
          1. Huntington’s Disease
          2. ALS
          3. Myasthenia Gravis
    7. Neuropharmacology
11. Cardiopulmonary Pathology
    1. Risk factors
    2. Impact of cardiopulmonary pathology
12. Endocrine Pathology
    1. Type 1 diabetes
    2. Type 2 diabetes
    3. Medical management of diabetes
       1. Oral medication
       2. Insulin
13. Mental Health
    1. Mood disorders
    2. Personality disorders
14. Integumentary Pathology
    1. Scleroderma
    2. Burns
    3. Wounds
15. The Medically Complex Patient and the PTA

PTAS 1140 - Life Span Development for PTA

Credit Hours: 2.00

Objectives: The student will:

1. State, in general, theories of development.
2. Identify in writing factors that affect development of normal movement.
3. Discuss, in general, physiological and anatomical growth with maturation.
4. Discuss normal changes in biological systems with aging in the older adult.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to discuss how functional abilities change across the human lifespan using developmental perspectives.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Discuss, in general, normal changes in performing levels with aging in the older adult.
2. Describe normal developmental changes that occur through the lifespan and discuss their implications on function activities.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify normal developmental milestones from birth through old age.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Identify primitive reflexes, righting reactions, protective reactions and equilibrium reactions.
2. Define the basic concept of motor developmental milestones.
3. Discuss, in general, the stages of development or normal movement and function in pediatrics.
4. Identify central nervous system control mechanisms associated with motor control.
5. Discuss, in general, psychosocial influence on development with maturation.
6. Discuss the psychosocial process associated with aging.
7. Discuss the economic and stereotypes associated with aging.
8. Discuss how information processing changes from child to adult.
9. Discuss effects of aging on memory and mental capacity across the lifespan.

Outcome 4: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to discuss sexuality from adolescent through old age.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Discuss changes in sexuality occurring with maturation in the adolescent.
2. Discuss how sexuality changes throughout adulthood.

Outcome 5: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to relate the impact of illness, disability, death, and dying on the patient, family, and significant others from birth through old age.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Discuss death and the stages of dying.
2. Discuss interactions with patients and their families during end of life care.
3. Discuss supportive interactions of between health care providers when working with terminally ill patients.
4. Recognize personal feelings about death & dying.

Outcome 6: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to demonstrate positive interaction skills based on the stages of normal development.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Identify effective positive interaction skills to utilize when working with the patients throughout the life span based on their developmental level.
2. Demonstrate in writing and/or orally the use of verbal and nonverbal communications that provide the desired psychological support.

Outcome 7: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe anatomical and physiological changes that occur from birth through old age.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Relate, in general, visual, kinesthetic, and auditory development of perceptual motor development.
2. Discuss integration of sensory system from childhood to adulthood.
3. Identify the various body systems that effect development.
4. Describe how the body systems change during the course of development.

Outcome 8: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to discuss overall prenatal development emphasizing development of CNS occurring from conception to birth.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe in general the development of a fetus from conception to birth.
2. Describe the development of the CNS.
3. Discuss the concept of critical periods during gestation.
4. Identify common teratogens that may affect the developing fetus.

Outcome 9: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to discuss demographics, theories of aging, types of aging, and functional implications of the aging process.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Relate own feeling to illness, disability, and health.
2. Discuss the impact of illness and physical disability through personal experiences.
3. Discuss the relevance of patient’s value system to physical therapy.
4. Compare and contrast active life expectancy vs. dependent life expectancy.
5. Discuss the different theories and types of aging.

Outcome 10: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to relate information presented in class to observations of infant, preschool‐age child, middle and older adult.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Relate in writing and/or orally developmental reflexes that are evident and their role in motor development.
2. Observe motor milestone skills in an infant under 1 year of age.
3. Identify rate of motor development in an infant by comparison to normative scale.
4. Relate in writing and/or orally normal growth and development of a preschool child.
5. Observe motor development in early childhood.
6. Use a criterion‐referenced scale for identifying motor development.
7. Relate in writing and/or orally normal effects of aging in the older adult.
8. Observe the flexibility of an older adult.
9. Relate the extent of flexibility to physical activity.
10. Relate in writing and/or orally the impact of illness and physical disease.
11. Relate own feeling to illness, disability, and health.

Outcome 11: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to discuss changes that occur in health and fitness across the life span.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Define illness, wellness, health, disability, geriatrics, and gerontology.
2. Discuss the variations in exercise precautions likely to occur across the lifespan.

1. Introduction and Systems Review
   1. Why learn human development
   2. What is development
   3. What is lifespan development
   4. Terminology important in normal development
   5. Systems that influence development
   6. Motor development and control
   7. Motor learning
   8. Psychological development
   9. Systems review
      1. Nervous system
      2. Skeletal system
      3. Muscular system
      4. Cardiovascular system
      5. Sensory system
      6. Vital functions
2. Infant Development: Systems
   1. Development of systems through infancy
      1. Nervous system
      2. Skeletal system
      3. Muscular system
      4. Cardiovascular system
      5. Sensory system
      6. Vital functions
3. Infant Development: Reflexes, Righting and Equilibrium Reactions
   1. Reflexes defined
   2. Control of reflexes
   3. Terminology
   4. Primitive reflexes
   5. Righting reactions
   6. Equilibrium reactions
4. Infant Development: Motor Development
   1. Development and motor milestones in supine
   2. Development and motor milestones in prone
   3. Development and motor milestones in sitting
   4. Development and motor milestones in stance and gait
5. Childhood Through Adolescence
   1. Development of systems through childhood and adolescence
      1. Nervous system
      2. Skeletal system
      3. Muscular system
      4. Cardiovascular system
      5. Sensory system
      6. Vital functions
   2. Motor development: Childhood through adolescence
      1. Posture
      2. Transitions
      3. Gait
      4. Gross motor skills
6. Theories of Development
   1. What is a theory
   2. Common developmental theories
      1. Nature vs. nurture
      2. Behaviorism
      3. Stage theories
      4. Ecological theories
      5. Systems theories
   3. How does development progress
   4. Jean Piaget
   5. Erik Erikson
   6. Other issues related to adolescence
7. Prenatal Development
   1. Periods of pregnancy
      1. Zygote
      2. Embryo
      3. Fetus
   2. Control of development
   3. Critical periods in prenatal development
   4. Congenital malformations
8. Adult and Aging
   1. Demographic information on aging
   2. Active vs. dependent life expectancy
   3. Types of aging
   4. Factors related to aging and confused with aging
   5. Changes in body systems with aging
      1. Nervous system
      2. Skeletal system
      3. Muscular system
      4. Cardiovascular system
      5. Sensory system
      6. Vital functions
   6. Functional implications
   7. Cognitive development
   8. Memory
   9. Lifespan changes in memory
   10. Posture
   11. Transitions
   12. Locomotor skills
   13. Issues related to adulthood
9. Death and Dying
   1. Why learn about death and dying
   2. Settings with more frequent episodes of death
   3. Death
   4. 5 stages of death
   5. Dealing with terminal patients
   6. Grieving
   7. Stages of grieving in adulthood
   8. Loss of a child
   9. Child grieving
10. Health and Fitness
    1. Health
    2. Fitness
    3. Physiological fitness
    4. Components of fitness
    5. Factors that influence fitness
    6. Benefits of fitness
    7. Definitions related to fitness
    8. Systems involved in fitness
    9. Body system changes in health and fitness across the lifespan
    10. Exercise considerations in childhood
    11. Exercise considerations in the older adult

PTAS 1150 - Kinesiology-Lecture

Credit Hours: 3.00

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe accessory joint movement necessary for normal joint function for the synovial joints of the spine and extremities.
2. Describe the concept of convex/concave articulatory movement.
3. Describe joint motion using appropriate terminology for the joints of the spine and extremity.
4. Identify joint classification (i.e., ball and socket, plane synovial gliding joint, etc.) to each of the joints of the spine and extremities.
5. Identify plane of motion dominance for the joints of the extremities and spine.
6. Differentiatiate between various types of jiont structure and their unique functions

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify and describe biomechanical principles as they relate to human body motion and stability.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Identify the 3 classes of lever systems and apply them to human movement.
2. Describe the law of acceleration and its application to human movement.
3. Identify the three planes of motion and axes of motion.
4. Identify the three planes of motion and axis of motion.
5. Differentiate open and closed‐kinematic chain activities of the extremities.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe and identify types of muscle contractions and their role in human motion.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Define 3 types of muscle contraction (concentric, eccentric and isometric).
2. Describe each type of muscle contraction with exercise.

Outcome 4: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to discuss isolated joint motions vs. functional multiple joint motions in the extremities.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Demonstrate isolated joint motion for the joints of the spine and extremities.
2. Demonstrate functional motions of the spine and extremities in both open and closed kinematic chain scenarios.
3. Differentiate between isolated joint motion and functional motion in pictures and when analyzing activities.
4. Describe the impact of biomechanical deficits on human movement

Outcome 5: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify prime muscle action and innervations of major muscles of the extremities and spine.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Identify concentric and eccentric actions of major muscles of the spine and extremities.
2. Describe primary muscle actins required for a designated movement/activity
3. Describe primary muscle actions required for a designated movement/activity.

Outcome 6: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify and describe the components of normal and abnormal body mechanics and gait.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe the determinants of gait.
2. Define key terminology as it relates to the gait cycle.
3. Describe kinematic joint motions that occur a the hip, knee and ankle with closed‐chain pronation and supination during gait.
4. Identify major muscle group actions at various phases during the gait cycle.
5. Identify arm and trunk contributions to gait.
6. Explain rationale of contralateral use of cane or crutch.

1. Kinematics
   1. Introduction to the basic concepts of joint motion.
      Objective ‐‐ the student will be able to:
      1. Identify the planes and axes and their relationship to joint motion
      2. Identify the motions which occur in each plane
      3. Use proper anatomical terms of reference
      4. Describe the difference between open and closed kinematic chains
      5. Describe degrees of freedom and how it related to joint motion
      6. List and describe diarthrodial joints and their characteristics
      7. Define and describe osteokinematics vs. arthrokinematics
      8. Describe convex/concave relationship in arthrokinematics
   2. Special topics covered:
      1. Kinesiology - definition
      2. Kinematics
         1. Osteokinematics
         2. Arthrokinematics
      3. Planar classification of position and motion
      4. Kinematic chains - open and closed Kinematic chains - open and closed
      5. Convex/concave relationship in arthrokinematics vs osteokinematics
      6. Classification of joint movement Classification of joint movement
      7. Joint nutrition and lubrication
      8. Pathology and clinical considerations
2. Kinetics - Biomechanics
   1. Introduction to the forces that produce human motion.
      Objective‐‐the student will be able to:
      1. Identify and describe the classes of levers and their function in the human body
      2. Describe forces as vectors and how they affect motion/muscle torque in the human body
      3. Define muscle torque and describe how it creates human joint motion
      4. Define movement arms and their clinical relevance
      5. Describe and identify center of gravity of the body and the effects of gravity on the body
      6. Discuss biomechanical principles of force systems to body equilibrium
      7. Describe the leer system and discuss its application to the musculoskeletal system
      8. Define principles of stability and describe the relationship of gravity to base of support
      9. Relate functional body mechanics to human movement and problem prevention.
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. Static biomechanics: basic principles
         1. Axes of rotation
         2. Force
         3. Center of gravity
         4. Lever arm and muscle attachments
         5. Movement arm
         6. Torque
      2. Dynamic motion
         1. Lever systems
         2. Effects of lever lengths
         3. Torque and angle of pull
      3. Gravity
         1. Center of gravity - human body (posture)
         2. Principles of stability
         3. Body mechanics and effects of lever lengths
         4. Center of gravity as it related to changing body positions
      4. Forces occurring between articular surfaces
      5. Effects of faulty body alignment
3. Muscle Function
   1. Objective ‐‐the student will be able to:
      1. Define the origin and insertion of a muscle, tendon, ligament, and joint capsule
      2. List the characteristics of skeletal muscle
      3. List muscle fiber arrangements and describe how it related to function
      4. Identify and describe three types of muscle contractions
      5. Define and identify agonist and antagonist
      6. Briefly discuss muscle excitation and contraction
      7. Briefly discuss muscle excitation and contraction
      8. Discuss the length‐tension relationships of muscle and how active/passive insufficiency is utilized for normal movement
      9. Relate the principles of manual muscle testing to muscle function
      10. Identify the role and function of the PTA in manual muscle testing.
   2. Specific tasks covered:
      1. Characteristics of muscle
      2. Structure of muscleb. Structure of muscle
      3. Muscle fiber arrangement and function
      4. Actions/function of muscle
      5. Physiological mechanism of muscle contraction
      6. Principles of manual muscle testing
4. Face and Head
   1. Objective‐‐the student will be able to:
      1. Identify the major muscles of facial expression and their nerve innervation
      2. Identify the muscles of mastication and their innervations
      3. Identify and describe the anatomical structure of the temporomandibular joint
      4. Identify and describe the normal arthrokinematic joint vs. osteokinematic motion of the temporomandibular joint.
      5. Identify the muscles utilized during normal opening and closing of the jaw.
   2. Special topics covered:
      1. Temporomandibular joint
         1. Osteokinematics
         2. Anatomy - skeletal and disc
         3. Capsule and ligaments
         4. Muscles
         5. Arthrokinematics
         6. Muscle group action
      2. Facial muscles and action
      3. Facial muscles and action
      4. Cranial nerve III and VII
5. Shoulder Girdle and Shoulder
   1. Objective‐‐the student will be able to:
      1. Identify and describe the four joints which comprise the shoulder and shoulder girdle
      2. Identify the skeletal structures and ligaments that make‐up the shoulder and shoulder girdle
      3. Identify the muscles which comprise the rotator cuff; describe their function
      4. Describe scapulohumeral rhythm and muscles which produce this motion
      5. Define and give an example of a force couple
      6. List the normal ROM and motions which occur at the shoulder and shoulder girdle
      7. Describe the normal arthrokinematics that occur at the shoulder
      8. Identify prime muscle actions of all muscles of shoulder and shoulder girdle
      9. List prime moves for each joint motion
      10. Analyze functional movements involving the shoulder, shoulder girdle, and scapula
      11. Explain how passive and active insufficiency affect shoulder motion
   2. Special topics covered:
      1. Shoulder complex - composition
      2. Glenohumeral joint
         1. Motions
         2. Skeletal anatomy, ligaments and capsule
         3. Muscles
         4. Joint stabilization
         5. Muscular force couple
      3. Sternoclavicular joint
      4. Acromioclavicular joint
      5. Scapulothoracic joint
         1. Motions
         2. Skeletal anatomy
         3. Muscles
         4. Force couple
         5. Scapulohumeral rhythm
      6. Shoulder motion relationship to multi‐joint muscles of elbow
6. Elbow, Wrist and Hand
   1. Objective‐‐the student will be able to:
      1. Identify the joints of the elbow, forearm, wrist and hand
      2. Identify the skeletal anatomy that comprise the elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand joints
      3. List and describe the ligaments that are found at the elbow, forearm, writs and hand joints
      4. List the normal ROM and motions which occur at the elbow, forearm, wrist and hand joints
      5. Identify the muscle actions and nerve innervations of all muscles discussed
      6. List the prime movers for each joint motion
      7. Analyze functional movements of the elbow, forearm, wrist and hand
      8. Describe the brachial plexus and its relationships to upper extremity function
      9. Discuss isolated joint motion vs multi‐joint motion
      10. Identify positions of active and passive insufficiency; explain how it affects elbow and wrist motion.
      11. Describe normal arthrokinematics of the elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand vs. osteokinematics
   2. Special topics covered:
      1. Elbow joint
         1. Skeletal anatomy
         2. Ligaments
         3. Motions and muscles
         4. Arthrokinematics
      2. Forearms
         1. Skeletal anatomy
         2. Ligaments
         3. Actions and muscles
         4. Arthrokinematics
      3. Relationships of multi‐joint muscles to elbow and wrist Relationships of multi‐joint muscles to elbow and wrist
      4. Wrist complex
         1. Skeletal anatomy
         2. Joints and ROM
         3. Ligaments
         4. Actions and muscles
         5. Arthrokinematics
      5. Hand complex
         1. Joints
         2. Skeletal anatomy
         3. Ligaments
         4. Motion and ROM
         5. Arthrokinematics
         6. Muscles and actions
         7. Relationship of active and passive insufficiency to wrist motion
      6. Brachial plexus and nerve innervation to upper extremity muscles
7. Thorax
   1. Objective‐‐the student will be able to:
      1. Describe the skeletal framework of the thorax
      2. Identify and define the thoracic inlet and outlet
      3. Describe the movements of the thorax
      4. Describe muscle function and attachments of the thorax and nerve innervation
      5. Describe basic biomechanical anatomical relationships of respiration
      6. Describe the anatomical relationship of the brachial plexus to the thorax
   2. Special topics covered:
      1. Anatomical skeletal framework of thorax
      2. Joints
      3. Movements
      4. Muscle actions
      5. Respiration
         1. Anatomical relationship
         2. Muscle actions
      6. Thoracic inlet and outlet
8. Spine and Trunk
   1. Objective ‐‐ the student will be able to:
      1. Identify and describe normal curves of the spine and their functions
      2. Identify and list abnormal curves of the spine
      3. Describe normal trunk and cervical spine motions and their normal ROM
      4. Identify and describe the muscles of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine; identify their nerve innervation
      5. Identify the prime movers of the neck and trunk motions
      6. Identify normal basic arthrokinematics of spine motion
   2. Special topics covered:
      1. Vertebral column - regions and curves
         1. Regions and curves
         2. Skeletal structure and disc
         3. Joints and motion
      2. Ligaments
      3. Joint biomechanics
      4. Regional structure and function
      5. Muscle and actions
9. Pelvic Girdle and Hip
   1. Objective ‐‐ the student will be able to:
      1. Identify the skeletal anatomy that comprise the pelvis and hip
      2. Identify the joints of the pelvis and hip
      3. Identify and list major stabilizing ligaments of the pelvis and hip
      4. Describe movements and prime movers for each joint motion
      5. List the normal ROM for the hip
      6. Identify muscle actions of the hip/pelvis and their nerve innervations
      7. Identify normal arthrokinematic motions of the hip
      8. List examples of one‐joint vs two‐joint muscles; isolate selected muscle groups through active insufficiency
      9. Identify abnormal postures of the pelvis and hip
      10. Describe the lumbosacral plexus and its relationships to the lower extremity muscles
   2. Special topics covered:
      1. Hip joint - structure and function
      2. Anatomical structure
         1. Pelvis
         2. Hip joint
      3. Abnormal angulation of femur
      4. Ligaments
      5. Muscle, action and function
      6. Pelvic and femoral motions
      7. Arthrokinematics
      8. Lumbo‐sacral plexus
10. Knee, Ankle and Foot
    1. Objective‐‐ the student will be able to:
       1. Identify the skeletal anatomy that comprise the knee, ankle, and foot joints
       2. Identify the joints of the knee, ankle and foot
       3. Identify and list the major stabilizing ligaments of the knee, ankle, and foot
       4. Describe the movements and prime movers for each joint motion
       5. List the normal ROM for knee, talocrural and subtalar joints
       6. Identify the prime muscle action of musculature of the knee, ankle, and foot; their nerve innervation
       7. Identify normal arthrokinematic motions of the knee, ankle, and foot
       8. List examples of one‐joint vs two‐joints muscles and isolate selected muscle groups through active insufficiency
       9. Identify abnormal postures of the knee, ankle and foot
    2. Specific topics covered:
       1. Knee
          1. Joints - skeletal anatomy and meniscus
          2. Ligaments
          3. Motions, muscle and function
          4. Arthrokinematics
          5. Abnormal postures
       2. Talocrural joint
          1. Skeletal anatomy
          2. Ligaments
          3. Motions and muscles
          4. Arthrokinematics
          5. Abnormal postures
       3. Subtalar
          1. Joints
          2. Skeletal anatomy
          3. Ligaments
          4. Motions and muscles
          5. Arthrokinematics
          6. Abnormal postures
11. Gait
    1. Objective‐‐the student will be able to:
       1. Describe the relationships of the center of gravity to normal gait
       2. Describe the normal gait cycle and define the terms used to describe normal gait
       3. Describe the basic phases of gait
       4. Identify and describe the joint movements (critical events) necessary for normal gait to occur
       5. Identify critical muscle activity that occurs during normal gait
       6. Identify movements in selected functional activities: running, stair climbing
    2. Specific topics covered:
       1. Basic concepts of gait
       2. Center of gravity
       3. Gait cycle and phases
       4. Basic determinants of gait
       5. Critical events
       6. Critical muscle activity

PTAS 1160 - Kinesiology-Laboratory

Credit Hours: 1.50

Objectives: The student will:

1. Identify major anatomical structures on laboratory models of the spine and extremities.
2. Palpate anatomical structures including tendons, muscle bellies and skeletal landmarks on a classmate
   1. recognize the presence of appropriate muscle mass
3. Demonstrate proper positioning for palpation.
4. Identify innervations of muscles tagged on anatomical models.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to demonstrate and describe muscle activity at the major joints of the spine and extremities as it relates to function.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Demonstrate exercises occurring in all 3 planes of motion.
2. Describe compound and isolated exercises using appropriate terminology.
3. Identify concentric and eccentric phases of functional activities while actively performing then, while observing performance and through still pictures.
4. Identify muscle activity occurring at major joints of the spine and extremities while actively performing, observing performance or viewing still pictures.
5. Describe planes of motion occurring during an activity while actively performing or viewing still pictures.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify biomechanical principles of normal body alignment and functional body mechanics.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Demonstrate proper mechanics for pushing, pulling and lifting.
2. Recognize and describe postural symmetry in standing.
3. Identify abnormal postures with associated muscle imbalances.

Outcome 4: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe the components of normal gait and of selected gait abnormalities.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Recognize and evaluate normal gait patterns.
2. Describe gait compensation due to muscle weakness.
3. Demonstrate gait variations used for a biomechanical assessment and explain significance of each gait pattern.

Outcome 5: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to relate principles of biomechanics to management of physical therapy patients.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Understand potential injury patterns that may occur at the major joints of the spine and extremities with abnormal biomechanics.
2. Demonstrate correct use of concentric and eccentric exercises within an established plan of care.
3. Describe positions of stretch and shortening for major muscles of the spine and extremity.
4. Analyze human movement through video and still pictures and identify muscle contractions occurring.

1. Introduction - Practical Aspects of Human Movement
   1. Objective – the student will be able to:
      1. analyze human movement through observation of movements, palpation, demonstration of joint movement and demonstration of muscle actions
      2. identify and palpate bony landmarks on the body surface
      3. identify the major joints of the human body
      4. demonstrate joint movements
      5. demonstrate the three types of muscle contractions
      6. explain the basic methods of in analyzing human movements
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. Analysis of human movement - how to analyze movement
         1. Observations
         2. Palpation
         3. Demonstration of joint movement
         4. Demonstration of muscle actions
      2. Review of surface anatomy and identification of joints
      3. Kinesiological aspects of joint movement
2. Stability and Posture
   1. Objective – the student will be able to:
      1. locate the center of gravity and the line of gravity
      2. demonstrate the relationship of the center of gravity to the base of support for stability
      3. analyze the base of support and line of gravity during functional activities
      4. identify muscle actions forth maintaining of normal erect posture
      5. analyze the biomechanical aspects of the body at rest and during functional movements
      6. identify the location of line of gravity for normal stable erect posture
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. Principles of stability
         1. Base of support
         2. Center of gravity
      2. Analysis of equilibrium (body at rest)
      3. Body alignment and its relationship to stability
      4. Analysis of body in motion
         1. Center of gravity as it related to changing body positions
         2. Muscle action
3. Face and Head
   1. Objective – the student will be able to:
      1. identify, palpate and/or mark the appropriate structures
      2. demonstrate the movements
      3. demonstrate and identify the muscle action and palpate the appropriate muscle
      4. identify the location of muscles for selected movement
   2. Special topics covered:
      1. Surface anatomy and structure
      2. Muscle actions and movements
      3. Functional analysis
4. Shoulder and Shoulder Girdle
   1. Objective – the student will be able to:
      1. identify, palpate and/or mark the appropriate skeletal structures
      2. demonstrate the joint movements
      3. demonstrate the muscle actions and palpate the appropriate muscle
      4. identify the location of muscle for selected movements and identify its actions
      5. identify the plane and axis of the movement
      6. identify gross manual muscle testing procedures
      7. analyze functional movement s
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. Surface anatomy and skeletal structures
      2. Location and outline of muscles
      3. Movements and muscle actions
      4. Functional analysis
5. Elbow, Forearm, Wrist, and Hand
   1. Objective – the student will be able to:
      1. identify, palpate and/or mark the appropriate skeletal structures
      2. demonstrate the joint movements
      3. demonstrate the muscle actions and palpate the appropriate muscle
      4. identify the location of muscle for selected movements and identify its actions
      5. identify the plane and axis of the movement
      6. analyze functional movement s
   2. Selected topics covered:
      1. Surface anatomy and skeletal structures
      2. Location and outline of muscle
      3. Movements and muscle actions
      4. Functional analysis
6. Thorax
   1. Objective – the student will be able to:
      1. identify, palpate and/or mark the appropriate skeletal structures
      2. demonstrate thoracic movements and biomechanical aspects of thoracic movements as it relates to respiration.
      3. demonstrate the biomechanical aspects of abdominal movement as it related to respiration
      4. demonstrate the muscle actions
      5. demonstrates the biomechanical aspects of thoracic and abdominal movements in force and stressful respirations.
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. Surface anatomy and skeletal structures
      2. Location and outline of muscles
      3. Movements and muscle actions
      4. Biomechanics of respiration
      5. Anatomical - physiological relationship
7. Spine and Trunk
   1. Objective – the student will be able to:
      1. identify, palpate and/or mark the appropriate skeletal structures
      2. demonstrate the joint movements
      3. demonstrate the muscle actions and palpate the appropriate muscle
      4. identify the location of muscle for selected movements and identify its actions
      5. identify the plane and axis of the movement
      6. analyze functional movements
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. Surface anatomy and skeletal structures
      2. Location and outline of muscles
      3. Movements and muscle actions
      4. Functional analysis
8. Pelvic Girdle and Hip
   1. Objective – the student will be able to:
      1. identify, palpate and/or mark the appropriate skeletal structures
      2. demonstrate the joint movements
      3. demonstrate the muscle actions and palpate the appropriate muscle
      4. identify the location of muscle for selected movements and identify its actions
      5. identify the plane and axis of the movement
      6. identify gross manual muscle testing procedures
      7. analyze functional movements
   2. Special topics covered:
      1. Surface anatomy and skeletal structures
      2. Location and outline of muscle
      3. Movements and muscle actions
      4. Functional analysis
9. Knee, Ankle, and Foot
   1. Objective – the student will be able to:
      1. identify, palpate and/or mark the appropriate skeletal structures
      2. demonstrate the joint movements
      3. demonstrate the muscle actions and palpate the appropriate muscle
      4. identify the location of muscle for selected movements and identify its actions
      5. identify the plane and axis of the movement
      6. analyze functional movements
   2. Special topics covered:
      1. Surface anatomy and skeletal structures
      2. Location and outline of muscle
      3. Movements and muscle actions
      4. Gross manual muscle tests
      5. Functional analysis
10. Gait
    1. Objectives the student will be able to:
       1. locate the center of gravity and line of gravity
       2. demonstrate the relationship of the center of gravity at normal gait
       3. demonstrate and explain the gait cycle
       4. demonstrate and explain the basic phases of gait
       5. demonstrate the appropriate joint movements
       6. demonstrate and explain the muscle actions during normal gait
    2. Special topics covered:
       1. Center of gravity and base of support
       2. Gait cycle and phases of gait
       3. Joint movement in gait
          1. Head and neck
          2. Trunk
          3. Pelvis
          4. Extremities
       4. Muscle actions
       5. Functional analysis

PTAS 1170 - Physical Therapy Procedures 2-Lecture

Credit Hours: 2.00

Objectives: The student will:

1. Define/discuss the role of gravity, length-tension, and posture in therapeutic exercise.
2. Define/discuss aerobic and aerobic energy systems muscle fiber types.
3. Define/discuss the role of muscle spurt and GTOs in exercise programs.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify the role of therapeutic exercise related to the prevention and treatment of pathology and the achievement of patient outcomes in selected conditions.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe and discuss the PT patient management model.
2. Describe the ICF model of disablement and its role in patient management
3. Discuss the role of their exercise in wellness.
4. Describe the role of therapeutic exercise in the geriatric and medically complex patient.
5. Describe the role of therapeutic exercise for post-surgical patients including THA, TKA, TSA and ORIF and the phases of postoperative rehabilitation.
6. Describe the role of therapeutic exercise for patients with acute and chronic impairments of the spine.
7. Describe the role of therapeutic exercise for patients with balance and coordination impairments.
8. Identify impairments amendable to PT treatments.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe identified therapeutic exercise techniques and discuss rationale for their use.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Define/discuss passive and active and self-stretching techniques.
2. Define/Discuss stress/strain curves as it related to therapeutic exercise.
3. Define/describe passive/active assisted and active ROM programs.
4. Define/describe resistive exercise programs.
5. Describe the process of establishing a therapeutic exercise program including PRE, isokinetics, closed and open chain exercise program.

Outcome 4: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to discuss the principles, goals and rationale for the use of mechanical traction.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Identify impairments amenable to treatment with mechanical traction.
2. Discuss the physiological effects of mechanical traction.
3. Identify indications and contraindications to the use of mechanical traction.
4. Monitor the patient record for changes in patient status that may impact PT interventions
5. Use data to compare patient status to previously documented status.
6. Describe the relationship between data collection and patient progression.

Outcome 5: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to discuss the role of the PTA in the implementation and progression of a comprehensive therapy treatment.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Identify the role of the PTA in patient data collection.
2. Discuss the rationale for and method of progressing an exercise program within a plan of care.
3. Identify the contraindications and precautions for implementation of an exercise program.
4. Use current knowledge and clinical judgement while considering individual patient needs based on the PT plan of care established by the physical therapist

Outcome 6: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to develop comprehensive documentation (SOAP format) and home exercise program for therapeutic exercise/treatment session.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Document an exercise program in a daily progress note using the SOAP format.
2. Design, teach and illustrate an outcome based home exercise program as part of an intervention plan developed by PT.
3. Demonstrate written communication skills appropriate for patients, third-party payors and others that reflects respects individual learning needs

Outcome 7: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to relate principles of manual muscle testing and identify role of the physical therapist assistant in manual muscle testing.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe the history and purpose of manual muscle testing.
2. List and describe manual muscle testing grades.
3. Describe the role of manual muscle testing in clinical decision-making.
4. Relate manual muscle testing grades to functional activity.

Outcome 8: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to discuss the role of evidence based practice in PT.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Define evidence based practice.
2. Describe components of a research based journal article.
3. Read and critique a researched based article accessed via electronic database.
4. Describe statistical methods related to research in physical therapy
5. Describe the relationship between current evidence in PT and clinical decision making
6. Describe methods for obtaining current evidence in physical therapy.

1. The Guide to PT Practice and the Patient Management Model
   1. Nagi Disablement Model
   2. Exercise and function
2. Concepts of Therapeutic Exercise
   1. Strength
   2. ROM
   3. Endurance
   4. Wellness
   5. Balance/Coordination
3. ROM
   1. Passive, Active Assisted, Active
   2. Benefits. Limitations, Precautions
   3. End-feels
   4. Contractures
   5. Protocols - indications/continuity
4. Strength
   1. Hypertrophy
   2. Work, Power, Strength
   3. Gravity & Resistance
   4. Protocols - indications/continuity
5. Stretching
   1. Passive stretch
   2. Active stretch
   3. Physiological principles
   4. Indications/contraindications
6. Post-Surgical Patients
   1. THA, ORIF of Hip
   2. TKA
   3. Soft tissue repair
   4. Maximum protection, subacute, return to function phases of rehabilitation
7. Balance and Coordination
   1. Etiology of balance disorder
   2. Etiology of coordination deficits
   3. Therapeutic exercise programs frequently used in the management of balance/coordination deficits
8. Posture and Spine
   1. Acute spinal pain
   2. Chronic spinal pain
   3. Biomechanical and postural deficits
   4. Exercise indications including spinal stabilization
9. Evidence-based Practice
   1. Reading professional literature
   2. Basic research methods and statistics
   3. Using evidence effectively
   4. Sources of evidence
10. Geriatric and Medically Complex Patients
    1. Age related changes
    2. Special precautions in therapeutic exercise for senior adults
    3. Safety for patients with multiple comorbidities

PTAS 1180 - Physical Therapy Procedures 2-Laboratory

Credit Hours: 2.00

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe the relationship between exercise, short term goals and functional outcomes.
2. Identify muscle contraction during specific exercise as eccentric, concentric or isometric.
3. Relate the role of gravity to exercise selection.
4. Relate specific exercises to short and long term goals.
5. Describe the role of the PTA in selecting exercise.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to the ability to implement an effective therapeutic exercise program as indicated in the plan of care developed by the physical therapist.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe and demonstrate effective teaching techniques considering learning style and barriers to learning.
2. Recognize the role of individual differences, preferences, and values in the implementation of therapeutic exercise programs in the implementation of exercise programs.
3. Recognize correct and incorrect performance of selected therapeutic exercises.
4. Recognize and report adverse response to therapeutic exercise programs and reports these to the physical therapist.
5. Use the medical record to identify pre‐treatment status
6. Recognize indications and contraindications to therapeutic exercise

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to the ability to perform and instruct in a therapeutic exercise program as indicated in the established PT plan of care.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Perform and instruct in passive range of motion.
2. Perform and instruct in active assisted range of motion and active range of motion.
3. Perform and instruct in resistive exercise.
4. Perform and instruct in exercise programs to improve aerobic and muscular endurance.
5. Perform and instruct in protocols for post‐surgical patients including total hip and total knee arthroplasty.
6. Perform and instruct in the safe and effective use of equipment for exercise enhancement and resistance.
7. Perform and instruct in exercise for posture and trunk stability.
8. Perform and instruct in passive and active stretching techniques.
9. Perform and instruct in exercise for balance, coordination and relaxation.
10. Document an interim progress note related to exercise using the SOAP format.
11. Recognize and respond to safety concerns and possible emergencies related to exercise programs.

Outcome 4: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to demonstrate the ability to collect data as necessary to implement and progress an exercise program as indicated in the plan of care developed by the physical therapist.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Perform and record manual muscle tests.
2. Relate manual muscle test grades to functional outcomes.
3. Use data collected from manual muscle tests to select and progress exercise within the established plan of care.
4. Administer functional screening test related to balance and report data accurately

Outcome 5: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to the ability to progress an exercise program based on the patient’s response to the established plan of care.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe methods of advancing an exercise program.
2. Describe the relationship between manual muscle testing and exercise progression toward functional outcomes.
3. Identify indications of effective and ineffective exercise progression.
4. Describe physiological indicators related to safe and effective exercise progression.
5. Describe the role of the PTA in progressing an exercise program within the plan of care developed by the PT
6. Describe the role of the PTA in discontinuing an episode of care and the provision of a home exercise program

Outcome 6: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to the ability to apply mechanical traction as indicated by the plan of care established by the physical therapist.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Perform set up for lumbar traction recognizing positional variation indicated in the plan of care.
2. Perform set‐up for cervical traction.
3. Recognize and instruct patient regarding expected and adverse response to mechanical traction.
4. Recognize indications and contraindications to mechanical traction.
5. Report contraindications and/or adverse response to the physical therapist.
6. Demonstrate awareness of safety precautions for patient and PTA related to the use of mechanical traction.

1. Skills in Communicaĕon
   1. Objective – the student will be able to:
      1. demonstrate written, verbal, and nonverbal communication skills wich are productive
      2. contrast negative and positive behaviors
      3. descrive appropriate interactions with pateint and family
      4. demonstrate in writing appropriate technques for recording (SOAP)
      5. demostrate/discuss interactions of PT and PTA for treatment planning and implementation
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. communication skills
         1. Verbal
         2. Nonverbal
         3. Client/patient interactions
         4. Patient teaching skills
      2. Written communications: SOAP notes
      3. PT and PTA roles in therapeutic exercise
2. Range of Motion Therapeutic Techniques
   1. Passive ROM
   2. Active assistive ROM
   3. Active ROM
   4. Specific topics covered:
      1. ROM protocals and regimes for spine and extremities
         1. passive ROM
         2. active assistive ROM
         3. active ROM
3. Stretching Techniques: Exercise to Increase joint ROM
   1. Objective-the student will be able to:
      1. demonstrate passive stretch
      2. demonstrate active stretch techniques
         1. Contract ‐ relax
         2. Reciprocal Inhibition
      3. demonstrates stretching techniques utilizing equipment
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. parameters of active and passive stretch
      2. specific techniques to spine and extremities
         1. passive
         2. contract‐relax
         3. reciprocal inhibition
      3. pendulum exercises and use of equipment
      4. Case studies and problem solving
4. Resistive Exercise Techniques: Exercise for Strength
   1. Objective the student will be able to:
      1. demonstrate isometric exercises for the extremities and spine
      2. demonstrate manual resistive exercises of the extremities and spine
      3. demonstrate appropriate resistive exercise technique to include: proper stabilization, appropriate resistance, appropriate patient position and appropriate direction of resistance
      4. demonstrate appropriate utilization of exercise equipment including, but not limited to: t-band, cuff weights, dumbbells, weight bars, nustep, rebounder, fitter, airex, BAPS board.
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. manual resistance
         1. Definition
         2. Principles of application
         3. Techniques ‐ extremities
      2. General principles of strength training
      3. Types of resistive exercises
         1. Isometric protocols
         2. Isotonic protocols
         3. Isokinetic protocols
      4. Choice of training protocols/methods
      5. Use of strength‐training protocols
         1. PRE programs
         2. Use of weights
         3. Use of other equipment for strength
      6. Case studies and problem solving
5. Relaxation Techniques
   1. Objective ‐‐ the student will be able to:
      1. demonstrate relaxation techniques
      2. demonstrate appropriate utilization of relaxation techniques as part of a therapeutic exercise program.
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. Relaxation protocols/methods
      2. Use of environmental controls, role of PTA in promoting relaxation through voice, touch
6. Treatment of the Post surgical patient
   1. Objective‐‐ the student will be able to:
      1. demonstrate appropriate application of adaptive, assistive, and supportive devices.
      2. demonstrate appropriate application of treatment programs and therapeutic exercise programs
      3. demonstrate proper transfer techniques and bed mobility techniques
   2. Specific topics including hip, knee and shoulder replacement
      1. Precautions
      2. Exercise programs
      3. Assistive devices, supportive devices
      4. Exercise equipment
      5. Transfers, bed mobility, and gait training
7. Balance/Coordination
   1. Objective ‐‐ the student will be able to:
      1. implement an exercise program for the management of balance and coordination impairments as indicated in the PT POC.
      2. use data collected to advance a balance and coordination program as indicated by the PT POC
      3. utilize special safety precautions for patients with balance impairments
   2. Special topics covered:
      1. Frenkle’s exercise and other coordination exercises
      2. Developmental positions
      3. Equipment ‐ balls, balance beams, rocker boards, etc
      4. Case studies and problem solving
8. Posture/Spine Exercises
   1. Objective the student will be able to:
      1. analyze deviations of normal postural alignment
      2. demonstrate ability to instruct patient in proper postural and body mechanics
      3. demonstrate exercises to improve kinesthetic awareness regarding posture
      4. implement and progress a patient through an established scoliosis/postural exercise program under the supervision of a PT
      5. identify precautions and contraindications to postural/scoliosis exercises
      6. recognized and utilize exercise equipment with a postural program
      7. demonstrate the ability to instruct a patient in spinal stabilization activities.
   2. Special topics covered:
      1. Exercise techniques for trunk
         1. Active ROM
         2. Techniques to increase ROM
         3. Techniques to restore muscle imbalance
      2. Posture programs
      3. Case studies and problem solving
9. Mechanical Traction
   1. Objective‐‐ the student will be able to:
      1. demonstrate techniques for
         1. preparation for PTA
         2. treatment area
         3. equipment
         4. patient
      2. demonstrate techniques of application in use of cervical and pelvic mechanical traction
         1. position selection
      3. instruct patient and family
      4. identify and respond to changes in physiological state
      5. demonstrate appropriate techniques for
         1. care, use and maintenance of equipment
         2. correct safety measures for PTA and patient
         3. terminating the treatment
      6. record adequate and precise information
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. General principles
      2. Indications and contraindications
      3. Equipment and supplies
      4. Techniques of application
      5. Patient application
      6. Unique problems and precautions
10. Manual Muscle Testing
    1. Objective‐‐ the student will be able to:
       1. choose the appropriate position for performing manual muscle test
       2. recognize patient response to manual muscle test
       3. record result of manual muscle test
       4. verbalize the role for the PTA in performing data collection
       5. verbalize the role of manual muscle testing in the clinical decision making progress
       6. describe manual muscle test grades
    2. Specific topics covered:
       1. Patient positioning
       2. Applying resistance
       3. Recording data
       4. Performing muscle test to:
          1. Head/neck
          2. Shoulder girdle
          3. Elbow/forearm
          4. Hand/wrist
          5. Trunk
          6. Hip
          7. Knee
          8. Ankle/foot
       5. Recording data and insuring accuracy of data

PTAS 2110 - Neuromuscular Physical Therapy-Lecture

Credit Hours: 2.00

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. Explain the general structure and divisions of the nervous system.
2. Describe the structure and function of the brain and spinal cord
3. Describe the structures of the peripheral nerve
4. Describe a reflex arc.
5. Describe the process of nerve innervation related to skeletal movement and sensory perception.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to discuss the relationship of developmental concepts to elements/principles of various neuromuscular approaches (PNF, Rood, Brunnstrom, Bobath, and Sensory Integration).

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. Identify normal and abnormal reflexes.
2. Identify the stages of developmental sequence.
3. Relate stages of motor development to common neurological approaches
4. Describe common abnormal movement patterns.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to compare and contrast the basic principles of each neuromuscular technique including:

1. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF).
2. Brunnstrom.
3. Neurodevelopmental Techniques (NDT).
4. Sensory Integration (SI).
5. Rood.

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. Identify the basic principles and theory of NDT childhood.
2. Identify the purpose of NDT approach.
3. Given a treatment plan, design NDT treatment techniques for selected neurological disorders citing rationale.
4. Identify/discuss the basic principles and theory of SI.
5. Identify the purpose of the SI approach.
6. Given a treatment plan, design SI treatment techniques for selected neurological disorders citing rationale.
7. Identify/discuss the basic principles of Rood.
8. Identify the goals/purpose of Rood approach.
9. Given a treatment plan, design Rood treatment techniques for selected neurological disorders citing rationale.
10. Identify/discuss the basic principles of PNF.
11. Identify the goals/purpose of PNF approach.
12. Given a treatment plan, design PNF treatment techniques for selected neurological disorders citing rationale.
13. Identify/discuss the basic principles and theory of Brunnstrom.
14. Identify the goals/purpose of Brunnstrom approach.
15. Given a treatment plan, design Brunnstrom treatment techniques for selected neurological disorders citing rationale.

Outcome 4: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to given a treatment plan, identify and describe the applications of various neurological techniques for selected neurological disorders citing rationale.

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. Compare and contrast the basic principles of each neurological approach.
2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each neurological technique.

Outcome 5: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe the etiology, clinical manifestations and treatment of selected neurological conditions.

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. Describe the etiology and clinical manifestations of central nervous system lesions.
2. Describe spasticity and pathological reflexes as it relates to neurological conditions.
3. Describe emergency and medical management of patients with acute neurological conditions.
4. Describe continuing medical and pharmacologcial management of patients with acute and progressive neuromuscular impairments
5. Discuss the purpose and value of the neurological examinations as performed by the physical therapist
6. Describe levels of arousal, mentation and common cognitive deficits in neurologically impaired patients.
7. Describe neurological examinations commonly performed by a physician for neurologically impaired patients.
8. Describe the physical therapy management of patients with commonly seen neuromuscular conditions including, but not limited to: CVA, acquired brain injury, spinal cord injury, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, polyneuropathy, peripheral nerve injury.

Outcome 6: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify the role of the PTA in treating the neurologically impaired patient.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Discuss/identify the role of the PTA in treatment of neurologically impaired patients.
2. Discuss the role of the PTA in the application of techniques of neurological treatments.

Outcome 7: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify the role of the PTA in discharge planning and follow up care for patients with neurological disorders.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Discuss/identify the role of the PTA in discharge planning for patients with neurological disorders.
2. Discuss/identify the role of the PTA in follow up care for patients with neurological disorders.

Outcome 8: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to discuss the psychosocial aspects of neurological disorders and their impact on physical therapy treatment.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Discuss the psychosocial aspects of neurological disorders and their impact on physical therapy treatment.

1. Introduction to class
   1. Neuro mind set
2. Cerebral Vascular Accidents
   1. Definition
   2. Demographics
   3. Risk Factors of Stroke
   4. Prevention of Stroke
   5. Etiology
   6. Transient Ischemic Attack
   7. CVA / Medical Intervention
   8. Recovery from Stroke
   9. Stroke Syndromes
   10. Clinical Findings
   11. Complications of Stroke
3. Facilitation / Inhibition Techniques
   1. Proprioceptive Facilitation
   2. Exteroceptive Stimulation Techniques
   3. Vestibular Stimulation Techniques
   4. Other facilitatory techniques
4. Brunnstroms Movement Therapy in Hemiplegia
   1. Signe Brunnstrom
   2. Basic tenets of Brunnstrom’s Theory
   3. Brunnstrom’s stages of recovery
   4. Treatment principles using Brunnstrom approach
5. Motor Development a Motor Control
   1. Motor Control
   2. Stages of Motor Control
   3. Directional concepts of development
   4. Gross motor milestones
   5. Fine motor milestones
   6. Motor development, chronologically speaking
   7. Motor development necessary for Neuro?
   8. Review of primitive reflexes
   9. Review of Righting Reactions
   10. Review of Equilibrium Reactions
6. Motor Control and Motor Learning
   1. Review of motor control
   2. Postural control
   3. Development of postural control
   4. Righting reactions
   5. Protective reactions
   6. Equilibrium reactions
   7. Postural Control
   8. Nashner’s Model of Postural Control
   9. Motor learning
   10. Open vs. Closed tasks
   11. Effects of practice
7. Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT)
   1. Berta and Karl Bobath
   2. About NDT
   3. 4 objectives of NDT for the child with cerebral palsy
   4. Goal of physical therapy treatment with NDT
   5. NDT approach
   6. Key points of control
   7. Dynamic Trunk
   8. Principles of Handling
   9. Reflex inhibiting postures
8. Neuro Anatomy
   1. Overview of nervous system
   2. Foundation of nervous system
   3. Structures and functions of the central nervous system
   4. Deep structures of cerebral cortex
   5. Cerebellum
   6. Brain stem
   7. Spinal Cord
   8. Components of the spinal cord
   9. Peripheral nervous system
   10. Cranial Nerves
   11. Spinal Nerves
   12. Muscle spindle
   13. Golgi Tendon Organ
   14. Autonomic Nervous System
   15. Cerebral Circulation
   16. Reaction to Injury
9. Cerebral Palsy
   1. Definition
   2. Incidence
   3. Etiology
   4. Prenatal causes
   5. Perinatal causes
   6. Post natal causes
   7. Classification
   8. Diagnosis
   9. Impairments associated with cerebral palsy
   10. Treatment of cerebral palsy
10. TBI
    1. Statistics
    2. Causes
    3. Classification of brain injuries
    4. Secondary problems associated with traumatic brain injuries
    5. Evaluation
    6. Glasgow Coma Scale
    7. Patient problem areas
    8. PT intervention
    9. Rancho scales of cognitive function
    10. PT during inpatient rehabilitation
    11. Treatment strategies
    12. Discharge strategies
11. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)
    1. Definition
    2. PNF in general
    3. Principles of PNF
    4. Contraindications to PNF
    5. Basic procedures for facilitation
    6. PNF techniques
    7. PNF techniques used to achieve a particular goal
    8. Patterns of facilitation
12. Multiple Sclerosis
    1. Definition
    2. Statistics
    3. Etiology
    4. Pathophysiology
    5. Clinical symptoms of MS
    6. Patterns of symptoms
    7. Clinical manifestations
    8. Types of MS
    9. Exacerbating factors
    10. Diagnosis
    11. Prognosis
    12. Medical management
    13. Physical therapy management
13. Parkinson’s Disease
    1. Definition
    2. Statistics
    3. Etiology
    4. Primary Parkinson’s
    5. Secondary Parkinson’s
    6. Post infectious Parkinson’s
    7. Toxic Parkinson’s
    8. Pharmaceutical Parkinson’s
    9. Metabolic causes
    10. Parkinsonian Syndrome
    11. Pathophysiology
    12. Clinical manifestations
    13. Functional manifestations
    14. Direct impairments
    15. Diagnosis
    16. Disease course
    17. Medical management
    18. Surgical management
    19. Rehabilitative management
14. Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
    1. Statistics
    2. Causes of SCI
    3. Life expectancy
    4. Spinal anatomy review
    5. Areas of spinal cord most commonly injured
    6. Naming the level of injury
    7. Classification of injury
    8. Neurological level
    9. Mechanism of injury
    10. Medical intervention
    11. Recovery
    12. Pathological changes following SCI
    13. Types of lesions
    14. Signs and symptoms of spinal cord injury
    15. Complications of SCI
    16. Functional potential in SCI
15. Sensory Integration Therapy (SI)
    1. Definition
    2. Application to adults
    3. Adaptive response
    4. SI therapy
    5. Purposes of SI system
    6. Sensory system and problems associated with them
    7. Characteristics of SI dysfunction
16. Neuroevaluation
    1. Role of PTA in neuroevaluation: Data collection
    2. Vital signs
    3. Sensory
    4. ROM
    5. Strength
    6. Righting reactions
    7. Balance
    8. Gait
    9. Functional skills
    10. Tips for data collection

PTAS 2120 - Neuromuscular Physical Therapy-Laboratory

Credit Hours: 1.50

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe normal and abnormal tone including spasticity, flaccidity, and rigidity.
2. Describe and demonstrate methods of identifying and describing abnormal tone.
3. Identify components present and missing in various movement patterns.
4. Demonstrate techniques commonly used to inhibit and facilitate including Rood, Brunnstrom, and PNF.
5. Relate the development of normal movement patterns to functional outcomes and coordination.
6. Recognize and describe appropriate and inappropriate response to inhibition and facilitation techniques.
7. Utilize hand placement and verbal cues to obtain desired movement pattern.
8. Describe and discuss typical movement patterns in the patient with adult hemiplegia and the stages of recovery from abnormal movement patterns.
9. Describe the role of weight‐bearing activities in improving tone/weight‐bearing activities in the patient with adult hemiplegia.
10. Identify compensatory motor responses in abnormal movement patterns.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will demonstrate activities related to the developmental sequence.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe the developmental stages.
2. Identify key features of each phase of the developmental sequence.
3. Relate developmental sequencing to stages of recovery in the patient with a neurological impairment.
4. Select and perform patient appropriate activities within each phase of the developmental sequence for selected diagnoses.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will implement components of a treatment plan under the supervision of a physical therapist using problem solving when provided with a selected treatment plan for a patient with neuromuscular impairment.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe, discuss, and perform neuromuscular techniques appropriate for the patient’s diagnosis and impairments utilizing “mock” patient.
2. Discuss and describe indications, contraindications and precautions and safety risks for the patient with neuromuscular impairment including cues requiring termination of treatment.
3. Discuss the role of functional training and adaptive equipment for the patient with a neuromuscular impairment.
4. Demonstrate safe effective patient handling, draping and positioning for the patient with neuromuscular impairment.
5. Describe the role of family and caregiver in the management and education of the patient with neuromuscular impairment.
6. Write a daily progress note and home exercise for patient with neuromuscular impairment.
7. Discuss and describe how to modify a treatment program based on a patients symptoms and responses to treatment within the plan of care.
8. Describe appropriate PTA response to inappropriate behaviors commonly noted when treating a patient with a neurological impairment.
9. Demonstrate safe and effective motor function interventions for the neurologically impaired patient including gait and balance activities.

Outcome 4: Upon completion of this course, students will demonstrate and describe the appropriate role of the PTA in the management of the patient with neuromuscular impairment.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Perform data collection skills appropriate for the neurologically impaired patient that are necessary to implement and continue the plan of care, including balance, coordination, sensation and level of arousal, mentation and cognition
2. Describe participation in discharge planning appropriate to the PTA scope of practice.
3. Identify occurrences requiring consultation with a supervising physical therapist prior to implementing or continuing the plan of care.

Outcome 5: Upon completion of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to integrate issues of gender, culture, life span, and socioeconomic status into the treatment approach to the neurologically impaired patient.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe how a patient’s age, gender, culture, or socioeconomic status may alter the treatment of a patient with neurological impairment.
2. Describe methods to reduce the impact of cultural barriers on goal attainment.

Outcome 6: Upon completion of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to access research information regarding neuromuscular physical therapy via the Internet and paper based library resources.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Develop and complete an oral presentation on an assigned topic.
2. Provide a bibliography demonstrating use of library resources.

1. Normal Movement Lab
   1. Objective‐‐ the student will be able to:
      1. identify components of normal movement during functional activities
      2. identify what omponent is missing during abnormal movement
      3. demonstrate and describe any abnormal compensatory responses when an essential component of normal movement is missing
   2. Special Topics covered:
      1. Motor control analysis
      2. Observation of normal/abnormal movements
         1. Sitting
         2. Supine to sit
         3. Sit to stand
         4. Standing
2. Abnormal Movement
   1. Objective‐‐ the student will be able to:
      1. observe neurological clients performing functional skills on a videotape and identify gross abnormal movement patterns being utilized by the neurological client
      2. experience a simulation of how a client with abnormal movement patterns may feel during functional activities
      3. accurately describe the patterns of hypertonicity
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. Videotapes of neurological clients with abnormal tone
      2. Simulation of pathological reflex patterns and abnormal tone
      3. Typical abnormal tone in adult hemiplegia
3. Positioning and Bed Mobility
   1. Objective‐ the student will be able to:
      1. discuss goals of positioning in acute stages and its impact on potential recovery
      2. identify the appropriate postures for the neurological client when supine, side‐lying, and sitting in a chair
      3. describe the position of dynamic alignment in sitting
      4. using correct technique, demonstrate positioning the neurological client in supine, side‐lying or sitting position
      5. demonstrate techniques for bed mobility activities
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. Typical abnormal posture in adult hemiplegia
      2. Dynamic alignment in sitting
      3. Positioning of neurologic client
         1. Goals of positioning
         2. Supine
         3. Side‐lying
         4. Sitting
      4. Bed mobility
         1. Bridging activities
         2. Rolling to side‐lying, supine
         3. Moving up in bed
         4. Lying to sitting
4. Facilitation and Inhibition of Tone and Movement
   1. Objective‐‐ the student will be able to:
      1. identify and accurately apply various neuromuscular techniques to facilitate and inhibit abnormal tone.
      2. discuss the rate of stimulation as it applies to four rules of sensory stimulation and motor output
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. Facilitation techniques
         1. Exteroceptive
         2. Proprioceptive
         3. Vestibular
      2. Inhibitory techniques
         1. General - neutral warmth, slow stroking, slow gentle shaking, slow vestibular rocking, tonic labyrinthine inverted
         2. Specific - pressure, joint compression, traction, prolong icing
      3. Rules of sensory input and motor output
5. Mat Activities: Trunk Control and Mobility
   1. Objective‐‐the student will be able to:
      1. demonstrate neruomuscular techniques to improve trunk mobility and stability during sitting
      2. relate the importance of trunk and limb alignment
      3. discuss the goals of performing activities of bridging and lower trunk rotation
      4. demonstrate how mobility and stability can be developed during bridging and lower trunk rotation
      5. demonstrate one activity to improve controlled mobility during bridging
   2. Special topics covered:
      1. Bridging
         1. Goals
         2. Techniques - mobility, stability, controlled mobility
      2. Lower trunk rotation
         1. Goals
         2. Techniques
      3. Rolling
         1. Goals
         2. Technique
6. Upper Extremity Activities
   1. Objective‐‐the student will be able to:
      1. discuss the importance of upper extremity treatment in the neurological client
      2. discuss the complications of painful and/or subluxation of the shoulder and reflex sympathy dystrophy that are often seen in the client with neurological dysfunctions
      3. demonstrate/discuss precautions in handling the upper extremity of the client with a neurological problem.
      4. demonstrate neuromuscular techniques to mobilize the neurological client’s scapula
      5. demonstrate proper way to hold a client’s hand to inhibit tone or avoid increasing tone
      6. demonstrate/describe the position of dynamic alignment when the neurologic client is sitting
      7. demonstrate/describe the sequence of activities when treating the upper extremity
      8. demonstrate various neuromuscular techniques/activities to improve mobility
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. Upper extremity complications in the neurologically impaired patient
      2. Upper extremity neuromuscular activities/techniques
         1. Purposes
         2. Mobilization of scapula
         3. Mobilization of the hand
      3. Treatment: basic components of normal movement and dynamic sitting posture
         1. Body on limb
         2. Body and limb together
         3. Limb on body
         4. Functional activity
7. Neuromuscular Techniques for Transfers
   1. Objective‐‐ the student will be able to:
      1. discuss why going supine to sit is more therapeutic when it is performed on the involved side
      2. discuss why a modified pivot transfer is preferred over a standing pivot transfer with neurologically impaired client
      3. demonstrate techniques to assist a neurologic client to achieve normal components of movement during the following transitional movements:
         1. supine to sit
         2. scooting while sitting
         3. modified pivot transfer
         4. sit to stand
      4. demonstrate techniques to facilitate and mobilize the trunk of neurologic client in order to improve anterior/posterior tilts and lateral weight shift
      5. demonstrate various techniques to improve trunk control in sitting
      6. discuss components of movement necessary for an effective and safe transfer
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. Trunk mobilization
         1. Purposes
         2. Anterior/posterior mobilization technique
         3. Lateral mobilization technique
      2. Facilitation techniques for pelvis
      3. Transitional sit to stand technique
      4. Neuromuscular transfer techniques
         1. Patient preparation
         2. Scooting
         3. Sit to stand
         4. Modified transfer
8. Neuromuscular Techniques for Standing and Gait
   1. Objective‐‐ the student will be able to:
      1. discuss/identify the components of movement necessary for normal sit to stand, balanced standing, weight shifting during standing and ambulation
      2. discuss how “missing” components will affect the neurologically impaired client’s ability to perform sit to stand, balanced standing, weight shifting during standing and ambulation
      3. Demonstrate various neuromuscular techniques to facilitate normal sit to stand, balanced standing, weight shifting during standing and ambulation
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. Sit to stand
         1. Essential normal components
         2. Common problems
         3. Neuromuscular techniques
      2. Balanced standing
         1. Essential normal components
         2. Common problems
         3. Neuromuscular techniques
      3. Weight shifting
         1. Essential normal components
         2. Common problems
         3. Neuromuscular techniques
      4. Stance, phase of ambulation
         1. Essential normal components
         2. Common problems
         3. Neuromuscular techniques
      5. Swing phase of ambulation
         1. Essential normal components
         2. Common problems
         3. Neuromuscular techniques

PTAS 2130 - Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy-Lecture

Credit Hours: 2.00

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe concepts of concave/convex rule regarding joint mobility.
2. Describe special tests used in orthopedic evaluation and identify significance of the tests.
3. Discuss the significance of goniometric assessment for the patient with musculoskeletal dysfunction.
4. Discuss the significance of manual muscle testing for the patient with musculoskeletal dysfunction.
5. Describe tests and measures used to assess functional range of motion

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to discuss the role of the PTA in the treatment of patients with selected orthopedic conditions.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Differentiate role of the PT vs. PTA in the management of a patient with musculoskeletal impairment
2. Describe an effective PT/PTA relationship in the management of patients with musculoskeletal pathologies
3. Identify components of the PT plan of care appropriate for intervention by the PTA.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe the etiology, clinical manifestations and physical therapy management of selected orthopedic conditions.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe common causes and symptoms of tendonitis, bursitis, fractures, arthritis and related disorders, compression syndromes and musculoskeletal disorders of the spine.
2. Describe selective tissue tensioning techniques for bone, muscle, tendon, ligaments, meniscus and discs.
3. Describe appropriate treatment pathways for tendonitis, bursitis, fractures, arthritis, compression syndromes and musculoskeletal disorders of the spine.
4. Discuss the principles of and rationale for selected orthopedic interventions including but not limited to soft tissue, mobilization, and stretching.
5. Discuss the principles of and rationale for joint mobilization.
   1. Discuss the role of the PTA in joint mobilization.
6. Demonstrate through problem solving the ability to identify appropriate physical therapy management of selected orthopedic conditions.
   1. Discuss appropriate use of electrotherapeutics, compression and traction modalities with orthopedic conditions.
   2. Demonstrate special tests that indicate specific musculoskeletal problems of the spine and extremities.
   3. Discuss indications/contraindications of PT modalities as it relates to musculoskeletal problems.
7. Use a case study to describe the physical therapy management of a patient with musculoskeletal impairment.

1. Introduction
   1. Connective Tissue
   2. Inflammation
   3. Pathologies and Impairment
2. The Physical Therapy Evaluation and Plan of Care
   1. The PT evaluation and special tests
   2. The role of the PTA in data collection for patents with musculoskeletal pathologies
   3. Exercise/function for patients with musculoskeletal conditions
3. Overview of Musculoskeletal Pathologies/Impairments
4. Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy for the Shoulder
5. Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy for the Elbow
6. Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy for the Hand/Wrist
7. Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy for the Cervical/Spine/TMJ
8. Overview of Treatment of Gait Abnormalities and Dysfunction
9. Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy for the Hip
10. Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy for the Knee
11. Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy for the Foot/Ankle
12. Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy for the Thoracic and Spine
13. Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy for the Lumbar Spine/Pelvis
14. The Role of PTA in Treatment of Patients with Musculoskeletal Impairments

PTAS 2140 - Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy-Laboratory

Credit Hours: 1.50

Objectives: The student will:

1. Demonstrate effective patient management techniques including positioning, draping, and hand placement for selected treatment techniques.
2. Demonstrate awareness of patient safety in the application of physical therapy techniques for the musculoskeletal patient including tendonitis, bursitis, fractures, sprains, strains and compression syndromes.
3. Demonstrate passive stretching and related soft tissue techniques appropriate to the role of the PTA.
4. Describe the principles of joint mobilization and recognize the limitations of the PTA in the application of mobilization techniques.
5. Demonstrate proper exercise form for selected exercise techniques.
6. Demonstrate the ability to document the treatment of the patient with musculoskeletal impairments in a manner consistent with regulatory and ethical standards of the PTA.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, given a patient profile and treatment plan, students will be able to apply appropriate intervention utilizing problem solving skills appropriate for the PTA.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Recognize when interventions should not be applied and report to the PT.
2. Recognize when appropriate interventions are beyond the scope of the PTA and report to the PT.
3. Identify contraindications and precautions for the treatment of common musculoskeletal conditions.
4. Select appropriate therapeutic exercise for the management of musculoskeletal impairments of the spine and extremities within the plan of care developed by the physical therapist utilizing sound rationale.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to provide instruction to patients and caregivers regarding exercise programs and home follow-up utilizing positive communication skills and teaching techniques.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Describe and demonstrate exercises using appropriate form and verbal and nonverbal cues.
2. Explain various exercise related activities using effective teaching methodology.
3. Develop and instruct an effective home exercise plan directed towards established outcomes.
4. Consider individual differences, values, and preferences related to patient learning and treatment compliance.

Outcome 4: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to demonstrate safe and appropriate use of equipment in the management of the musculoskeletal patient including selection, set-up, and monitoring of patient techniques.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Select equipment to support activities indicated in the plan of care developed by the physical therapist
2. Identify safety risk of selected equipment and appropriate emergency responses.
3. Describe the role of medicine balls, physioballs, steps and ramps, fitter, BAPS, and resistive equipment in the exercise management of patients with musculoskeletal impairments.

Outcome 5: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to demonstrate the ability to adjust treatment technique within the plan of care developed by the physical therapist in response to physiological and psychological changes in the patient and appropriate reporting expectations.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Apply selected data collection techniques for the purposes of carrying out the plan of care and report data as appropriate to the PT.
2. Explain the significance of the PT assessment and evaluation in determining the PT plan of care.
3. Describe common orthopedic assessment techniques and their significance to the PT plan of care.
4. Recognize and report adverse responses to treatment in the patient with musculoskeletal impairment.
5. Problem solve, recognize, and report the need for alternative methods of treatment.
6. Use data collected to adjust, modify, and progress an exercise program within the plan of care as necessary for progression toward outcomes identified by the PT.

Outcome 6: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to discuss the role of the PTA in the treatment of patients with musculoskeletal impairments.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Participate effectively in the discharge of planning of patient with musculoskeletal impairments.
2. Describe an effective PT/PTA relationship in the management of the patient with musculoskeletal impairments.

1. Demonstration of Orthopedic Evaluation as Performed by the Physical Therapist
   1. Objective the Student will be able to:
      1. verbalize the components of the orthopedic evaluation
      2. recognize the signs and symptoms that comprise the clinical picture of:
         1. contractile vsinert tissue problems
         2. hip, knee, ankle, and spine pathology
         3. bursitis vstendonitis
      3. identify the role of the PTA in the orthopedic evaluation
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. Subjective evaluation
      2. General objective evaluation
         1. AROM
         2. PROM, joint end feel, and joint play
         3. Ligament testing
         4. Resistance tests
         5. Neurological tests - motor, sensory, reflexes and tension tests
      3. Specialized tests - spine, wrist, and knee
      4. Recording
      5. Role of PTA in recognizing and reporting patient response
2. Soft Tissue Treatment Techniques
   1. Objective the Student will be able to:
      1. given a treatment plan, demonstrate safe and effective treatment applications of transverse friction massage, soft tissue mobilization, trigger points, and auto mobilization to include:
         1. appropriate patient positioning and draping
         2. appropriate PTA position
         3. appropriate hand placement
         4. patient instruction
         5. explanation of treatment
         6. stabilization
         7. treatment duration
         8. termination of treatment
      2. communicate and instruct patients/family in therapeutic exercises utilizing:
         1. appropriate terminology
         2. appropriate communication skills
         3. principles of teaching
      3. utilization problem solving in the selection of appropriate therapeutic exercises for a given patient problem
      4. modify therapeutic technique based on patient’s physiological response
      5. describe the techniques of mobilization for orthopedic conditions that were demonstrated in class for:
         1. wrists
         2. shoulder
         3. knee
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. Friction massage
         1. Treatment principles
         2. Common sites of treatment in peripheral joints
            1. Tendons
            2. Muscles
            3. Ligaments
         3. Other associated treatments
            1. Traditional exercise
            2. Modalities
         4. Patient problem solving
      2. Trigger points
         1. Types of trigger points
         2. Palpation of trigger points
         3. Treatment technique principles
         4. Treatment of specific areas
         5. Associate TX techniques and exercise
      3. Soft tissue mobilization
         1. Palpation and soft tissue mobility
         2. Techniques for soft tissue mobilization
         3. Associated treatment techniques of neuromuscular reeducation
         4. Patient problem solving
3. Treatment Techniques for Knee/Ankle/Foot
   1. Objective the Student will be able to:
      1. given a treatment plan, skillfully implement a therapeutic program for the management of soft tissue and joint lesions of the knee/ankle/foot to include:
         1. traditional exercises
         2. modalities/physical agents
         3. specialized techniques
      2. given a treatment plan, skillfully implement a therapeutic exercise program of the management of common surgical procedures for the knee/ankle/foot.
      3. demonstrate safe and appropriate use of exercise equipment as related to orthopedic conditions of knee/ankle/foot.
4. Fractures
   1. Objective the Student will be able to:
      1. utilize problem solving in the selection of therapeutic exercise/physical agents for post fracture, given patient treatment plan.
      2. demonstrate skillful implementation of treatment program for the management of fractures during immobilization and post immobilization.
      3. modify treatment technique/exercise based on physiological response to the patient.
   2. Specific topics covered:
      1. Treatment protocols for fractures of humerus, colles fracture, hip, and ankle
      2. Exercise programs
      3. Exercise equipment
5. Treatment Techniques for Pathology of the Spine
   1. Objective: the student will be able to:
      1. identify and describe the techniques of soft tissue mobilization, Williams exercise and Mckensie approach associated with cervical and lumbar spine.
      2. given a treatment plan, skillfully accurately, and effectively implement therapeutic exercise program to include:
         1. appropriate patient positioning and draping
         2. appropriate PTA position
         3. appropriate hand placement
         4. patient instruction
         5. explanation to patient
         6. stabilization
         7. treatment duration
         8. precautions
         9. termination of treatment
      3. modify treatment technique based on patient’s physiological response
      4. communicate and instruct patients in appropriate treatment techniques/procedures as directed by a supervising PT
      5. identify the role of the PTA in management of spine pathologies
      6. verbalize appropriate progression of treatment based on patient’s response, given a treatment plan.

PTAS 2190 - Physical Therapy Procedures 3-Lecture

Credit Hours: 1.00

Objectives: The student will:

1. Identify and discuss the basic principles of nerve and muscle physiology.
2. Identify the characteristics of nerve and muscle excitation with electrical stimulation associated with normal physiological responses.
3. Compare and contrast the characteristics of nerve and muscle excitation that occur in normal physiology with those that occur in selected pathologies.
4. Describe the general indications and contraindications of electrotherapy in Physical Therapy.
5. Identify the role and function of the Physcial Therapy Assistant in the application of electrotherapy treatments.
6. Identify the various diagnostic tests associated with the use of electrical stimulation that are administered by a physician.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe principles of various forms of DC (direct current) electricity that are related to the therapeutic process.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Identify the indications/contraindications and rationale of medical galvanism (Direct Current) in physical therapy practice.
2. Identify, discuss, and state rationale of HVGS (High Voltage Galvanic Stimulation) as an electrotherapeutic intervention.
3. Identify, discuss and state rational of HVGS (High Voltage Galvanic Stimulation) in wound healing
4. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of HVGS as part of the PT plan of care.
5. Identify, discuss, and state rationale of the procedure of iontophoresis in electrotherapeutic intervention.
6. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of iontophoresis as part of the PT plan of care.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe the principles of various forms of AC (Alternating Current) electricity that are related to the therapeutic process.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Identify the indications/contraindications and rationale of AC (Alternating Current) in physical therapy practice.
2. Identify, discuss, and state the rationale of Russian Current as an electrotherapeutic intervention.
3. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of Russian Current as part of the pT plan of care.
4. Identify, discuss, and state the rationale of FES (Functional Electrical Stimulation) as an electrotherapeutic intervention.
5. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of FES as part of the pT plan of care.
6. Identify, discuss, and state the rationale of IFC (Interferential Current) as an electrotherapeutic intervention.
7. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of IFC as part of the pT plan of care.

Outcome 4: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe the relationship between electrical stimulation and pain management.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Identify and state the principles and conditions, which indicate the use of TENS (Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) as part of the PT plan of care.
2. Discuss the rationale and procedure for TENS.
3. Describe the various treatment protocols performed with TENS.

Outcome 5: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe various biophysical agents in electrotherapeutic plan of care.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Discuss the role and purpose of biofeedback as it relates to the patient’s plan of care.
2. Define and identify the role and purpose of light therapy as it relates to the patient’s plan of care.
3. Define and identify the role of Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular stimulation as it relates to the patient’s plan of care.

Outcome 6: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to as part of the discharge plan, develop and instruct in an electrotherapeutic home device.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Identify the indications and contraindications of a discharge plan with electrostimulation equipment.
2. Develop an instructional program for the patient who is discharged with an electrostimulation unit.

Outcome 7: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to collaborate, research, and present a topic on various alternative treatment approaches with the use of electrotherapeutic principles.

Objectives: The student will:

1. Work with a team utilizing the group process and appropriate teaching strategies to develop a presentation on a special topic in physical therapy associated with electrotherapeutic principles.
2. Demonstrate basic information competency by accessing project related materials through Internet resources.

1. Therapeutic Principles of Electricity
   1. Ion flow with electrical stimulation
   2. Critical factors for nerve excitation using electrical stimulation
      1. Stimulation parameters ‐‐ significance to stimulation
         1. Intensity
         2. Pulse duration
         3. Speed of rise
         4. Pulse rate
      2. Electrode size and orientation, monopolar vs. bipolar
      3. Impedance
   3. Healthy muscle response to electrical stimulation
      1. Excitability
      2. Accommodation
      3. Strength duration curve
   4. Compensation of characteristics of nerve excitation with electrical stimulation and normal physiological stimulation
   5. General uses of electrical stimulation ‐‐ direct current vs. alternating current
   6. Role of the PTA in electrotherapy treatment and modification of treatment parameters
2. Medical Galvanism (Low Volt DC)
   1. Medical galvanism ‐‐ definition
   2. Wallerian degeneration
      1. Description ‐‐ degrees of injury
      2. Changes in muscle ‐‐ physiologically and electrically
   3. Treatment
      1. Equipment type and waveform
      2. Motor point
      3. Techniques of stimulation
         1. Motor point
         2. Nerve trunk
         3. Mass stimulation
      4. Treatment guidelines
      5. Treatment goals
   4. Indications
   5. Contraindications
   6. Chemical effects at polus
   7. Other uses
3. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)
   1. FES ‐‐ definition, waveform, characteristics of current
   2. Indications/common diagnosis
   3. Contraindications
   4. Equipment ‐‐ characteristics of stimulation
   5. Techniques/uses of FES
      1. Maintain range of motion
      2. Correction of contractures
      3. Reeducation
      4. Inhibition of spasticity
      5. Strengthening
      6. Orthosis
4. Combined Ultrasound with Electrical Stimulation and Moist Heat with Electrical Stimulation (ES)
   1. Ultrasound with ES ‐‐ definitions
      1. Indications
      2. Contraindications
      3. Effects
      4. Equipment
      5. Patient preparation
      6. Technique
   2. Moist health with ES
      1. Indications
      2. Precautions and contraindications
      3. Effects
      4. Patient preparation
      5. Technique
5. Electrical Stimulation for Wound Healing
   1. Wound care with ES ‐‐ definition
      1. Indications
      2. Contraindications
      3. Effects
      4. Equipment
      5. Patient preparation
      6. Technique
   2. Wound care with ES
      1. Treatment steps and protocol
      2. Ulcer preparation and concomitant therapy
      3. Documentation
6. High Voltage Galvanic Stimulation (HVGS)
   1. Definition
   2. Pulse parameters
      1. Pulse duration
      2. Peak current
      3. Pulse rate ‐‐ modes
      4. Pulse charge ‐‐ average current
   3. Comparison to previous stimulators
   4. Physiological responses and advantages or parameters in treatment
   5. Disadvantages
   6. Indications
   7. Contraindications
   8. General guidelines
   9. Techniques ‐‐ protocols
7. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulations (TENS)
   1. Pain
      1. Definition
      2. Causes
      3. Types of pain
      4. Perception of pain
   2. Spasms
      1. Definition
      2. Causes
      3. Pain spasm cycle
   3. Pain theories
   4. TENS
      1. Definition
      2. Role of TENS
      3. Effectiveness
      4. Indications
      5. Contraindications/precautions
   5. Stimulation parameters and equipment
   6. Types of stimulating modes and techniques
8. Interferential Current (IFC)
   1. Interferential Current (IFC) ‐‐ definition
   2. Concepts or principles
      1. Constructive interference
      2. Destructive interference
      3. “BEAT” frequency
   3. Patterns of interference
      1. Static
      2. Scanning
      3. Stereodynamic
   4. Advantages
   5. Indications
   6. Contraindications
   7. Treatment parameters
9. Iontophoresis
   1. Iontophoresis ‐‐ definition
   2. Review of ion migration and Ohm’s law
   3. Review of skin function as pathway of current
   4. Principles
      1. Relationship of force to intensity and resistance
      2. Continuous DC current for ion migration and activity under electrodes
      3. Ion transfer effectiveness
   5. Advantages
   6. Indications
   7. Contraindications
   8. Equipment
   9. Techniques and medications
10. Electrodiagnostic Tests
    1. Electrodiagnostic tests - definition/purpose of tests and general description of setup
       1. Evoked potential
       2. Nerve conduction velocity
       3. Centrally evoked potential
       4. EMG
    2. Physician tests
    3. PT tests
    4. Role of PTA
11. Biofeedback
    1. Definition
    2. Goal
    3. Mechanisms or how it works
    4. Indications or uses of biofeedback
       1. Relaxation
       2. Muscle reeducation
    5. Requirements for success of biofeedback
    6. Equipment
    7. Conditional. Therapeutic Principles of Electricity
    8. Ion flow with electrical stimulation
    9. Critical factors for nerve excitation using electrical stimulation
       1. Stimulation parameters ‐‐ significance to stimulation
          1. Intensity
          2. Pulse duration
          3. Speed of rise
          4. Pulse rate
       2. Electrode size and orientation, monopolar vs. bipolar
       3. Impedance
    10. Healthy muscle response to electrical stimulation
        1. Excitability
        2. Accommodation
        3. Strength duration curve
    11. Compensation of characteristics of nerve excitation with electrical stimulation and normal physiological stimulation
    12. General uses of electrical stimulation ‐‐ direct current vs. alternating current
    13. Role of the PTA in electrotherapy treatment and modification of treatment parameters
12. Medical Galvanism (Low Volt DC)
    1. Medical galvanism ‐‐ definition
    2. Wallerian degeneration
       1. Description ‐‐ degrees of injury
       2. Changes in muscle ‐‐ physiologically and electrically
    3. Treatment
       1. Equipment type and waveform
       2. Motor point
       3. Techniques of stimulation
          1. Motor point
          2. Nerve trunk
          3. Mass stimulation
       4. Treatment guidelines
       5. Treatment goals
    4. Indications
    5. Contraindications
    6. Chemical effects at polus
    7. Other uses
13. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)
    1. FES ‐‐ definition, waveform, characteristics of current
    2. Indications/common diagnosis
    3. Contraindications
    4. Equipment ‐‐ characteristics of stimulation
    5. Techniques/uses of FES
       1. Maintain range of motion
       2. Correction of contractures
       3. Reeducation
       4. Inhibition of spasticity
       5. Strengthening
       6. Orthosis
14. Combined Ultrasound with Electrical Stimulation and Moist Heat with Electrical Stimulation (ES)
    1. Ultrasound with ES ‐‐ definitions
       1. Indications
       2. Contraindications
       3. Effects
       4. Equipment
       5. Patient preparation
       6. Technique
    2. Moist health with ES
       1. Indications
       2. Precautions and contraindications
       3. Effects
       4. Patient preparation
       5. Technique
15. Electrical Stimulation for Wound Healing
    1. Wound care with ES ‐‐ definition
       1. Indications
       2. Contraindications
       3. Effects
       4. Equipment
       5. Patient preparation
       6. Technique
    2. Wound care with ES
       1. Treatment steps and protocol
       2. Ulcer preparation and concomitant therapy
       3. Documentation
16. High Voltage Galvanic Stimulation (HVGS)
    1. Definition
    2. Pulse parameters
       1. Pulse duration
       2. Peak current
       3. Pulse rate ‐‐ modes
       4. Pulse charge ‐‐ average current
    3. Comparison to previous stimulators
    4. Physiological responses and advantages or parameters in treatment
    5. Disadvantages
    6. Indications
    7. Contraindications
    8. General guidelines
    9. Techniques ‐‐ protocols
17. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulations (TENS)
    1. Pain
       1. Definition
       2. Causes
       3. Types of pain
       4. Perception of pain
    2. Spasms
       1. Definition
       2. Causes
       3. Pain spasm cycle
    3. Pain theories
    4. TENS
       1. Definition
       2. Role of TENS
       3. Effectiveness
       4. Indications
       5. Contraindications/precautions
    5. Stimulation parameters and equipment
    6. Types of stimulating modes and techniques
18. Interferential Current (IFC)
    1. Interferential Current (IFC) ‐‐ definition
    2. Concepts or principles
       1. Constructive interference
       2. Destructive interference
       3. “BEAT” frequency
    3. Patterns of interference
       1. Static
       2. Scanning
       3. Stereodynamic
    4. Advantages
    5. Indications
    6. Contraindications
    7. Treatment parameters
19. Iontophoresis
    1. Iontophoresis ‐‐ definition
    2. Review of ion migration and Ohm’s law
    3. Review of skin function as pathway of current
    4. Principles
       1. Relationship of force to intensity and resistance
       2. Continuous DC current for ion migration and activity under electrodes
       3. Ion transfer effectiveness
    5. Advantages
    6. Indications
    7. Contraindications
    8. Equipment
    9. Techniques and medications
20. Electrodiagnostic Tests
    1. Electrodiagnostic tests - definition/purpose of tests and general description of setup
       1. Evoked potential
       2. Nerve conduction velocity
       3. Centrally evoked potential
       4. EMG
    2. Physician tests
    3. PT tests
    4. Role of PTA
21. Biofeedback
    1. Definition
    2. Goal
    3. Mechanisms or how it works
    4. Indications or uses of biofeedback
       1. Relaxation
       2. Muscle reeducation
    5. Requirements for success of biofeedback
    6. Equipment
    7. Conditions