PTAS 2460 - Pediatrics

Credit Hours: 2.00

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. Describe the physical and motor development of the normal child vs. the abnormal child.
2. Describe the presence of primitive reflexes in atypical development.

Outcome 2: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe the etiology, pathology, and clinical manifestations of neurological, orthopedic, developmental, and genetic disorders of the pediatric patient.

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. For pediatric upper motor neuron pathology (UMN), identify and describe the etiology and clinical manifestations of pediatric UMN: cerebral palsy, brain trauma, and brain tumor.
2. Describe spasticity and pathological reflexes as related to neurological pediatric conditions.
3. Describe common motor control deficits as related to neurological pediatric conditions.
4. For pediatric lower motor neuron pathology (LMN), identify and describe etiology, clinical problems, and clinical picture of spina bifida, poliomyelitis, Charcot-Marie Tooth, muscular dystrophy, birth palsy.
5. For pediatric orthopedic problems, identify and describe etiology, clinical problems, and clinical picture of Legg-Calve’-Perthes disease, scoliosis, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, osteogenesis imperfecta, and fractures.
6. For selected childhood pathologies, identify and describe etiology, clinical problems, and clinical picture of cystic fibrosis, asthma, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Down Syndrome, and hemophilia.

Outcome 3: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to describe and demonstrate treatment techniques used in the management of the pediatric patient appropriate to the PTA scope of practice.

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. Describe various neurophysiological techniques for selected pediatric UMN pathology.
2. Demonstrate different techniques for selected pediatric UMN pathology.
3. Describe types of equipment that can be utilized in treatment.
4. Identify various assistive devices utilized with a child who had UMN lesions.
5. Describe exercise routines and functional activities for selected pediatric LMN disabilities.
6. Design therapeutic exercise techniques and functional activities for selected pediatric LMN disabilities.
7. Identify the types of equipment and/or assistive aides that can be utilized for selected LMN disabilities.
8. Design therapeutic exercise techniques and functional activities for selected orthopedic disabilities.
9. Identify the types of equipment and/or assistive aides that can be utilized for selected orthopedic disabilities.
10. Describe the general physical therapy management of children with selected childhood pathologies.
11. Describe exercise routines and functional activities for childhood disabilities.
12. Demonstrate exercise treatment techniques and functional activities for selected childhood disabilities.
13. Identify the types of equipment and/or assistive aides that can be utilized in treatment programs for selected childhood pathologies.
14. Describe how PT services are delivered in school-based programs.

Outcome 4: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to discuss the role of the PTA in assessment, treatment and discharge planning of the pediatric patient.

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. Identify criteria for discharge of pediatric patients.
2. Discuss steps necessary for a successful discharge.
3. Discuss the PTA role in discharge of pediatric patients.
4. Identify equipment/assistive aides as needed for discharge.

Outcome 5: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to discuss the impact of cultural and socioeconomic issues in the physical therapy management of the pediatric patient.

Objectives: The student will be able to:

1. Identify policies and procedures in pediatric therapy that may reflect socioeconomic and cultural differences.
2. Discuss communication skills that effectively respect individual differences, preferences, and values among pediatric patients and their families

1. Pediatric Therapy in General
   1. Children vs. adults
   2. Functional needs of pediatric patients
   3. Normal human development
   4. Universal precautions
   5. Adaptive equipment
2. Upper Motor Neuron Lesions: Theory
   1. Definition of upper motor neuron
   2. Cerebral Palsy
      1. Definition
      2. Causes
      3. Types of involvement
      4. Classification
      5. Problems associated with cerebral palsy
      6. Assessment of children with cerebral palsy
      7. Gait patterns in children with cerebral palsy
      8. Abnormal development
   3. Brain Tumors
      1. Most common brain tumors
      2. Signs and symptoms of brain tumors
      3. Prognosis
      4. Classification
      5. Medical management
      6. Clinical picture
   4. Traumatic Brain Injuries
      1. Head trauma
      2. Complication of head trauma
      3. Level of cognitive function: Rancho Los Amigos Cognitive Scale
3. Lower Motor Neuron Theory
   1. Definition of lower motor neuron
   2. Muscular Dystrophy
      1. Definition
      2. Duchenes muscular dystrophy
      3. Signs and symptoms
      4. Clinical picture
      5. PT assessment
      6. Other complications of DMD
      7. Other related disorders
   3. Spina Bifida
      1. In general
      2. Incidence
      3. Etiology
      4. Diagnosis
      5. Types of spina bifida
      6. Complications of spina bifida
   4. Poliomyelitis
      1. Etiology
      2. Incidence
      3. History
      4. PT goals for polio
   5. Charcot Marie Tooth
   6. Birth Palsy
      1. Brachial plexus injury
      2. Causes
      3. Clinical findings
      4. Treatment
4. Upper Motor Neuron Pathology: Treatment
   1. Pediatric treatment in general
      1. Treatment choices
      2. Common equipment
      3. General principles of treatment
   2. Treatment of upper motor neuron pathology: NDT
   3. Problem list
   4. Goals
   5. Remediation
   6. Task Analysis
   7. Teaching
   8. Adaptation or compensation
   9. Adaptive equipment
   10. Orthotics
   11. Surgical intervention
   12. Orthopedic surgery
5. Lower Motor Neuron Pathology: Treatment
   1. Duchene’s Muscular Dystrophy
      1. Primary problems
      2. Goals of treatment
      3. Treatment recommendations
   2. Spina Bifida
      1. Problems
      2. Goals of therapy
      3. Treatment
      4. Common orthotics used with spina bifida
      5. Orthotic management for ambulation
6. Orthopedics
   1. Orthopedic PT in general
   2. Congenital Hip Dislocation
      1. Definition
      2. Clinical features
      3. Medical management
      4. Surgical management
      5. PT management
      6. PT modalities
   3. Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
      1. Definition
      2. Clinical features
      3. Posture
      4. Medical management
      5. Bracing/splinting/casting
      6. PT management
   4. Osteogenesis Imperfecta
      1. Definition
      2. Clinical features
      3. Medical management
      4. Surgical management
      5. Splinting and orthotics
      6. PT management
   5. Legg Calve Perthes disease
      1. Definition
      2. Causes
      3. Clinical features
      4. Medical management
      5. PT management
   6. Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
      1. Definition
      2. Causes
      3. Clinical features
      4. Symptoms
      5. Medical management
      6. PT management
   7. Scoliosis
      1. Definition
      2. Idiopathic scoliosis
      3. Terminology
      4. Clinical features
      5. Causes
      6. Prognosis
      7. Medical management
      8. Surgical management
      9. PT management
   8. Fractures
      1. Types
      2. Commonly broken bones
      3. PT management
7. Other Childhood Pathologies
   1. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
      1. Definition
      2. Types
      3. Symptoms
      4. Medical management
      5. PT referral
      6. PT treatment
      7. Other considerations
   2. Hemophilia
      1. Definition
      2. Clinical manifestation
      3. Medical management
      4. Other contributing problems
      5. Disabilities
      6. Musculoskeletal impairments
      7. Functional limitations
   3. Down Syndrome
      1. Definition
      2. Physical and developmental features
      3. Causes
      4. Incidence
      5. Prognosis
      6. Complicating health problems
      7. Medical management
      8. PT management
   4. Asthma
      1. Definition
      2. Medical management
      3. PT management
   5. Cystic Fibrosis
      1. Definition
      2. Clinical presentation
      3. Medical management
      4. PT management
8. School Based Therapy
   1. Federal Legislation
   2. Major provisions of the laws
   3. Delivery of School Based Therapy
   4. Related terms
9. Discharge Planning
   1. Criteria for discharge
   2. Role of the PTA in discharge planning
   3. Equipment and resources
10. Socio/cultural aspects of Care
    1. Communication skills
    2. Value based behaviors
    3. Socioeconomic and cultural challenges